{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145657894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985899","title":"Value-based program characterization and its application to software plagiarism detection","display_name":"Value-based program characterization and its application to software plagiarism detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145657894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985899","mag":"2145657894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1985793.1985899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985899","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039607010","display_name":"Yoon\u2010Chan Jhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4112-4532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoon-Chan Jhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA",", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458487","display_name":"Xinran Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-1805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinran Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA",", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015456692","display_name":"Xiaoqi Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-3235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqi Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101952501","display_name":"Sencun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sencun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA",", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000561703","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-4414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA",", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008435786","display_name":"Dinghao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-5511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinghao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA",", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"756","last_page":"765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8225386738777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.69289630651474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.6769378185272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.6765620708465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6600189208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5787169933319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kpi-driven-code-analysis","display_name":"KPI-driven code analysis","score":0.5256537199020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5031816363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundant-code","display_name":"Redundant code","score":0.49753645062446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plagiarism-detection","display_name":"Plagiarism detection","score":0.4749198853969574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4610971212387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4298635721206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.38133519887924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.2565605044364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2355264127254486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.224901020526886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.18240207433700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1773192584514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16106349229812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.11518371105194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08217975497245789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8225386738777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.69289630651474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.6769378185272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.6765620708465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6600189208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5787169933319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121957198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14365593","display_name":"KPI-driven code analysis","level":5,"score":0.5256537199020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5031816363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151578736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251793","display_name":"Redundant code","level":4,"score":0.49753645062446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986238","display_name":"Plagiarism detection","level":2,"score":0.4749198853969574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4610971212387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4298635721206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.38133519887924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.2565605044364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2355264127254486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.224901020526886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.18240207433700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1773192584514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16106349229812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.11518371105194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08217975497245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1985793.1985899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985899","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.370.9508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.370.9508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/wu/papers/vapd-icse2011.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.403.118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.403.118","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.psu.edu/~szhu/papers/vapd.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64563084","https://openalex.org/W150085617","https://openalex.org/W1492843417","https://openalex.org/W1500616534","https://openalex.org/W1515790419","https://openalex.org/W1534715026","https://openalex.org/W1567046609","https://openalex.org/W1863385414","https://openalex.org/W1986810585","https://openalex.org/W1995739251","https://openalex.org/W2008085811","https://openalex.org/W2014589236","https://openalex.org/W2031052551","https://openalex.org/W2038159719","https://openalex.org/W2041839827","https://openalex.org/W2049461910","https://openalex.org/W2062847633","https://openalex.org/W2084201645","https://openalex.org/W2096491586","https://openalex.org/W2102970979","https://openalex.org/W2107697055","https://openalex.org/W2108551812","https://openalex.org/W2109943392","https://openalex.org/W2111295912","https://openalex.org/W2125260159","https://openalex.org/W2126851641","https://openalex.org/W2128782367","https://openalex.org/W2130066447","https://openalex.org/W2138756793","https://openalex.org/W2146659255","https://openalex.org/W2157532207","https://openalex.org/W3137069269","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6647124307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390085541","https://openalex.org/W128871440","https://openalex.org/W4210653322","https://openalex.org/W2969257295","https://openalex.org/W2781637569","https://openalex.org/W2034209539","https://openalex.org/W2573706800","https://openalex.org/W4402053348","https://openalex.org/W2262579654","https://openalex.org/W4389650601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"similar":[1],"or":[2,87],"identical":[3],"code":[4,11,20,26,55,63],"fragments":[5],"becomes":[6],"much":[7],"more":[8],"challenging":[9],"in":[10,32,38],"theft":[12],"cases":[13],"where":[14],"plagiarizers":[15],"can":[16],"use":[17],"various":[18],"automated":[19],"transformation":[21],"techniques":[22],"to":[23],"hide":[24],"stolen":[25],"from":[27],"being":[28],"detected.":[29],"Previous":[30],"works":[31],"this":[33],"field":[34],"are":[35,57,74],"largely":[36],"limited":[37,91],"that":[39],"(1)":[40],"most":[41],"of":[42,64,83],"them":[43],"cannot":[44],"handle":[45],"advanced":[46],"obfuscation":[47],"techniques;":[48],"(2)":[49],"the":[50,61,81],"methods":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53,80],"source":[54,62],"analysis":[56],"less":[58],"practical":[59],"since":[60],"suspicious":[65],"programs":[66],"is":[67],"typically":[68],"not":[69],"available":[70],"until":[71],"strong":[72],"evidences":[73],"collected;":[75],"and":[76],"(3)":[77],"those":[78],"depending":[79],"features":[82],"specific":[84],"operating":[85],"systems":[86],"programming":[88],"languages":[89],"have":[90],"applicability.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}