{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101720091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985815","title":"An empirical investigation into the role of API-level refactorings during software evolution","display_name":"An empirical investigation into the role of API-level refactorings during software evolution","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101720091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985815","mag":"2101720091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1985793.1985815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049451101","display_name":"Miryung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-1512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miryung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","The University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049323089","display_name":"Dongxiang Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiang Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695695","display_name":"Sunghun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-8733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunghun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98442274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"151","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9243344068527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.8888172507286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.7073267102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6854867935180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.6049866080284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.539704442024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4967871308326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.47654086351394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.4525071084499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.44493240118026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.416778564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3566017746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.305012583732605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9243344068527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.8888172507286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.7073267102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6854867935180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.6049866080284119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.539704442024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4967871308326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.47654086351394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4525071084499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.44493240118026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.416778564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3566017746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.305012583732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1985793.1985815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.646.5468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.646.5468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~miryung/Publications/icse11-refactoringbug.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-35223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-35223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510440496","https://openalex.org/W1521332670","https://openalex.org/W1526491974","https://openalex.org/W1565935466","https://openalex.org/W1973306813","https://openalex.org/W1976019354","https://openalex.org/W1985236007","https://openalex.org/W1988281920","https://openalex.org/W2013619645","https://openalex.org/W2051831304","https://openalex.org/W2098664130","https://openalex.org/W2100196534","https://openalex.org/W2100945416","https://openalex.org/W2102212651","https://openalex.org/W2108395261","https://openalex.org/W2110385988","https://openalex.org/W2110851276","https://openalex.org/W2112533109","https://openalex.org/W2117162841","https://openalex.org/W2130191210","https://openalex.org/W2133437259","https://openalex.org/W2149783794","https://openalex.org/W2151357307","https://openalex.org/W2151553346","https://openalex.org/W2153150125","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2157353183","https://openalex.org/W2157836986","https://openalex.org/W2159933174","https://openalex.org/W2171383742","https://openalex.org/W2171733741","https://openalex.org/W2172168118","https://openalex.org/W2216905672","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W2911688310","https://openalex.org/W4231671330","https://openalex.org/W4235354960","https://openalex.org/W4292199333","https://openalex.org/W6683106902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186150085","https://openalex.org/W3088249238","https://openalex.org/W2069073539","https://openalex.org/W2010680342","https://openalex.org/W2104040631","https://openalex.org/W1985559452","https://openalex.org/W2063955337","https://openalex.org/W1966036917","https://openalex.org/W4385255161","https://openalex.org/W2116610783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"widely":[2],"believed":[3],"that":[4],"refactoring":[5],"improves":[6],"software":[7,20],"quality":[8],"and":[9,18,38,43],"programmer":[10],"productivity":[11],"by":[12],"making":[13],"it":[14],"easier":[15],"to":[16],"maintain":[17],"understand":[19],"systems.":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23],"role":[24],"of":[25,55],"refactorings":[26,42],"has":[27],"not":[28],"been":[29],"systematically":[30],"investigated":[31],"using":[32],"fine-grained":[33],"evolution":[34],"history.":[35],"We":[36],"quantitatively":[37],"qualitatively":[39],"studied":[40],"API-level":[41],"bug":[44],"fixes":[45],"in":[46],"three":[47],"large":[48],"open":[49],"source":[50],"projects,":[51],"totaling":[52],"26523":[53],"revisions":[54],"evolution.":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}