{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973012412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1980022.1980280","title":"A 5 GHz CMOS frequency synthesizer","display_name":"A 5 GHz CMOS frequency synthesizer","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973012412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1980022.1980280","mag":"1973012412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1980022.1980280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1980022.1980280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology - ICWET '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034655060","display_name":"Devendra Sutar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112052","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Goa","ror":"https://ror.org/02v7trd43","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112052"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Sutar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goa Engineering College, Farmagudi, Goa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goa Engineering College, Farmagudi, Goa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026279024","display_name":"Rajesh B. Lohani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-455X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112052","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Goa","ror":"https://ror.org/02v7trd43","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112052"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. B. Lohani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goa Engineering College, Farmagudi, Goa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goa Engineering College, Farmagudi, Goa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034655060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58300997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1185","last_page":"1185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.9420945644378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.817057728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pll-multibit","display_name":"PLL multibit","score":0.6885662078857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6611518263816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5679019689559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.561781644821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5541898608207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.550591766834259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.4964664578437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.4889005720615387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-frequency-detector","display_name":"Phase frequency detector","score":0.42311766743659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37094324827194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2802651524543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.25327563285827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.16551971435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-pump","display_name":"Charge pump","score":0.10172483325004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.09530428051948547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.9420945644378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.817057728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77881186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119642","display_name":"PLL multibit","level":4,"score":0.6885662078857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6611518263816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5679019689559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.561781644821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5541898608207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.550591766834259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.4964664578437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4889005720615387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776158855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase frequency detector","level":5,"score":0.42311766743659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37094324827194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2802651524543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.25327563285827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.16551971435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114825011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440704","display_name":"Charge pump","level":4,"score":0.10172483325004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.09530428051948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1980022.1980280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1980022.1980280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology - ICWET '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36204966","https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W2050433081","https://openalex.org/W2141603529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151357254","https://openalex.org/W2558244976","https://openalex.org/W2774664569","https://openalex.org/W2330020385","https://openalex.org/W1600405202","https://openalex.org/W2351641102","https://openalex.org/W2348063681","https://openalex.org/W2544336511","https://openalex.org/W2161157531","https://openalex.org/W3183627771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,21,45],"PLL":[1,23,34],"is":[2,12,27,35,50,100,124,150],"a":[3,18,51,60,64,71,95,111,117,135,138],"negative":[4,56],"feedback":[5],"system":[6,53],"where":[7],"an":[8],"oscillator-generated":[9],"output":[10,132],"signal":[11,61],"phase":[13,46,69,83],"and":[14,58,81,108,153],"frequency":[15,25,80,93,107],"locked":[16],"to":[17,67,77,102,143],"reference":[19,104],"signal.":[20,73],"5GHz":[22],"based":[24],"synthesizer":[26],"presented":[28],"in":[29,105,127],"this":[30],"paper.":[31],"The":[32,146],"proposed":[33],"designed":[36],"using":[37],"90nm":[38],"CMOS":[39],"technology":[40],"with":[41,131],"1.8V":[42],"power":[43],"supply.":[44],"lock":[47],"loop":[48],"(PLL)":[49],"control":[52],"which":[54],"involves":[55],"feedback,":[57],"generates":[59],"that":[62],"has":[63],"fixed":[65],"relation":[66],"the":[68,79,82,85,92,103,122],"of":[70,84,94,137],"\"reference\"":[72],"This":[74],"circuit":[75,114],"responds":[76],"both":[78,106],"input":[86],"signals,":[87],"automatically":[88],"raising":[89],"or":[90],"lowering":[91],"controlled":[96],"oscillator":[97],"until":[98],"it":[99],"matched":[101],"phase.":[109],"Since":[110],"single":[112],"integrated":[113],"can":[115],"provide":[116],"complete":[118],"phase-locked-loop":[119],"building":[120],"block,":[121],"technique":[123],"widely":[125],"used":[126,149],"modern":[128],"electronic":[129],"devices,":[130],"frequencies":[133],"from":[134],"fraction":[136],"cycle":[139],"per":[140],"second":[141],"up":[142],"many":[144],"gigahertzes.":[145],"software":[147],"being":[148],"spice":[151],"engine":[152],"waveform":[154],"viewer.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}