{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037683905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1966445.1966447","title":"Keypad","display_name":"Keypad","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037683905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1966445.1966447","mag":"2037683905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1966445.1966447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1966445.1966447","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the sixth conference on Computer systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054249932","display_name":"Roxana Geambasu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5209-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roxana Geambasu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065718043","display_name":"John P. John","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-0297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. John","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008806543","display_name":"Steven D. Gribble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-2142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven D. Gribble","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026130910","display_name":"Tadayoshi Kohno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadayoshi Kohno","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069107397","display_name":"Henry M. Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7786-8541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry M. Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96082101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keypad","display_name":"Keypad","score":0.978992223739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7398165464401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.6241156458854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5670607089996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usb","display_name":"USB","score":0.5157399773597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4977557957172394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.4537220299243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/file-server","display_name":"File server","score":0.4200052320957184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.08954647183418274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009740","display_name":"Keypad","level":2,"score":0.978992223739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7398165464401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.6241156458854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5670607089996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507366226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42378","display_name":"USB","level":3,"score":0.5157399773597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4977557957172394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4537220299243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4373008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513349","display_name":"File server","level":2,"score":0.4200052320957184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.08954647183418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1966445.1966447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1966445.1966447","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the sixth conference on Computer systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125660632","https://openalex.org/W157207381","https://openalex.org/W171996078","https://openalex.org/W1485200701","https://openalex.org/W1569083856","https://openalex.org/W1597805936","https://openalex.org/W1599281790","https://openalex.org/W1980446225","https://openalex.org/W1987108387","https://openalex.org/W2001803004","https://openalex.org/W2005373714","https://openalex.org/W2011890340","https://openalex.org/W2035673685","https://openalex.org/W2042232825","https://openalex.org/W2056980397","https://openalex.org/W2084445812","https://openalex.org/W2094313385","https://openalex.org/W2104112849","https://openalex.org/W2124288146","https://openalex.org/W2152924492","https://openalex.org/W2157737097","https://openalex.org/W2159339961","https://openalex.org/W2170961388","https://openalex.org/W2535399211","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W6606960493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246488341","https://openalex.org/W2538700141","https://openalex.org/W6944106","https://openalex.org/W1985000680","https://openalex.org/W4240903701","https://openalex.org/W2033703371","https://openalex.org/W864128421","https://openalex.org/W2077623966","https://openalex.org/W2070318747","https://openalex.org/W2361407790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"Keypad,":[3],"an":[4,90],"auditing":[5],"file":[6,26,50,96],"system":[7],"for":[8],"theft-prone":[9],"devices,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"laptops":[13],"and":[14,72],"USB":[15],"sticks.":[16],"Keypad":[17,23,64,85],"provides":[18],"two":[19],"important":[20],"properties.":[21],"First,":[22],"supports":[24],"fine-grained":[25],"auditing:":[27],"a":[28,41,45,53,107],"user":[29,46,112],"can":[30,47,113],"obtain":[31],"explicit":[32],"evidence":[33],"that":[34],"no":[35],"files":[36,78],"have":[37],"been":[38],"accessed":[39],"after":[40,52,117],"device's":[42,54],"loss.":[43],"Second,":[44],"disable":[48],"future":[49],"access":[51],"loss,":[55],"even":[56],"in":[57],"the":[58,87,100,111],"absence":[59],"of":[60,89],"device":[61],"network":[62],"connectivity.":[63],"achieves":[65],"these":[66],"properties":[67],"by":[68],"weaving":[69],"together":[70],"encryption":[71,82],"remote":[73],"key":[74],"storage.":[75],"By":[76,98],"encrypting":[77],"locally":[79],"but":[80],"storing":[81],"keys":[83],"remotely,":[84],"requires":[86],"involvement":[88],"audit":[91,101],"server":[92,102],"with":[93],"every":[94],"protected":[95],"access.":[97],"alerting":[99],"to":[103,105],"refuse":[104],"return":[106],"particular":[108],"file's":[109],"key,":[110],"prevent":[114],"new":[115],"accesses":[116],"theft.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}