{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070645552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1963533.1963548","title":"Optimizations generating Armstrong numbers","display_name":"Optimizations generating Armstrong numbers","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070645552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1963533.1963548","mag":"2070645552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1963533.1963548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1963533.1963548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764691006","display_name":"ACM Inroads","issn_l":"2153-2184","issn":["2153-2184","2153-2192"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Inroads","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010456030","display_name":"Timothy J. Rolfe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159107703","display_name":"Eastern Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/002g57a93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159107703"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy J. Rolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington","Eastern Washington University, Cheney,#R# Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159107703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Washington University, Cheney,#R# Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159107703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010456030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159107703"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13347125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"43","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9031999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9031999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-digit","display_name":"Numerical digit","score":0.7830946445465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parity","display_name":"Parity (physics)","score":0.6523382663726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6346100568771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.5908728241920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.41905373334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36318930983543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3567516803741455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94957134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82990","display_name":"Numerical digit","level":2,"score":0.7830946445465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777151079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141160","display_name":"Parity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6523382663726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6346100568771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.5908728241920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.41905373334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36318930983543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3567516803741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1963533.1963548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1963533.1963548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764691006","display_name":"ACM Inroads","issn_l":"2153-2184","issn":["2153-2184","2153-2192"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Inroads","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67059538","https://openalex.org/W1584874830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963930613","https://openalex.org/W2033860701","https://openalex.org/W1569173638","https://openalex.org/W4290792871","https://openalex.org/W1489205002","https://openalex.org/W2036091326","https://openalex.org/W2090853787","https://openalex.org/W4249399111","https://openalex.org/W2131256658","https://openalex.org/W4245042232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"explores":[2],"various":[3],"optimizations":[4],"that":[5,26,51],"can":[6],"be":[7],"used":[8],"to":[9],"speed":[10],"the":[11,28,31,41,44,48,53,64,69,72,77,85,90,105,108],"discovery":[12],"of":[13,30,35,43,47,52,55,66,71,74,93,104,107],"Armstrong":[14],"numbers":[15,25,87],"(also":[16],"known":[17],"as":[18],"Narcissistic":[19],"numbers),":[20],"which":[21],"are":[22,27],"n":[23,32,95],"-digit":[24],"sum":[29,54,73],"th":[33],"powers":[34,65],"their":[36],"digits.":[37],"Optimizations":[38],"include":[39],"comparing":[40],"parity":[42,70],"least-significant":[45,78],"digit":[46],"number":[49],"and":[50,80,88],"its":[56],"digits,":[57,67],"using":[58],"a":[59],"dynamic":[60],"programming":[61],"approach":[62],"for":[63],"examining":[68],"digits":[75],"excluding":[76],"digit,":[79],"computing":[81],"forward":[82],"bounds":[83],"on":[84,89],"possible":[86,91],"sums":[92],"d":[94],".":[96],"The":[97],"final":[98],"optimization":[99],"completes":[100],"in":[101],"about":[102],"2%":[103],"time":[106],"initial":[109],"implementation.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}