{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987768879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957786","title":"Human-robot proxemics","display_name":"Human-robot proxemics","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987768879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957786","mag":"1987768879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1957656.1957786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052874727","display_name":"Jonathan Mumm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Mumm","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017344436","display_name":"Bilge Mutlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilge Mutlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.1227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":455,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"331","last_page":"338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxemics","display_name":"Proxemics","score":0.9955489635467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7916690111160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7763504981994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distancing","display_name":"Distancing","score":0.7396740913391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closeness","display_name":"Closeness","score":0.66531902551651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5243104696273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distance","display_name":"Social distance","score":0.5124230980873108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.4779812693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4608475863933563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44531822204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3418438136577606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32547032833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29125308990478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0826856791973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06838181614875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.06316444277763367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170334801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171755","display_name":"Proxemics","level":2,"score":0.9955489635467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7916690111160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7763504981994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31957729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282877","display_name":"Distancing","level":5,"score":0.7396740913391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.66531902551651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5243104696273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172656115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142613","display_name":"Social distance","level":5,"score":0.5124230980873108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.4779812693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4608475863933563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44531822204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3418438136577606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32547032833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29125308990478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0826856791973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06838181614875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.06316444277763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1957656.1957786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99716116","https://openalex.org/W1600099874","https://openalex.org/W1967502589","https://openalex.org/W1970342798","https://openalex.org/W1983423649","https://openalex.org/W1984029503","https://openalex.org/W2001874142","https://openalex.org/W2008073538","https://openalex.org/W2011235519","https://openalex.org/W2020188145","https://openalex.org/W2026000422","https://openalex.org/W2050276699","https://openalex.org/W2053190739","https://openalex.org/W2085795602","https://openalex.org/W2092606919","https://openalex.org/W2103530214","https://openalex.org/W2129162329","https://openalex.org/W2138994499","https://openalex.org/W2157685972","https://openalex.org/W2157936707","https://openalex.org/W2159408972","https://openalex.org/W2335485513","https://openalex.org/W2400270932","https://openalex.org/W3213430942","https://openalex.org/W6604039310","https://openalex.org/W6656951796","https://openalex.org/W6804093273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3139794247","https://openalex.org/W3034165649","https://openalex.org/W3022812738","https://openalex.org/W3206267557","https://openalex.org/W3135225779","https://openalex.org/W4396933035","https://openalex.org/W4231302758","https://openalex.org/W3195503335","https://openalex.org/W3123375363","https://openalex.org/W4232857257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"seamlessly":[1],"integrate":[2],"into":[3],"the":[4,50,56,112,116,126,138,142,145,155,161,170,185,191,198],"human":[5,37],"physical":[6,25,107,131,152],"and":[7,26,55,75,81,108,119],"social":[8],"environment,":[9],"robots":[10,80,205],"must":[11],"display":[12],"appropriate":[13,201],"proxemic":[14,38,45,51,88,202],"behavior":[15,46,52,121],"-":[16],"that":[17,43,105,134,181],"is,":[18],"follow":[19],"societal":[20],"norms":[21],"in":[22,144,166],"establishing":[23],"their":[24,167],"psychological":[27,58,109,178],"distancing":[28,110,132,168,179],"with":[29,99],"people.":[30],"Social-scientific":[31],"theories":[32],"suggest":[33,82,180],"competing":[34],"models":[35,68],"of":[36,53,87,111,125,200],"behavior,":[39],"but":[40],"all":[41],"conclude":[42],"individuals'":[44],"is":[47],"shaped":[48],"by":[49,148],"others":[54],"individual's":[57],"closeness":[59],"to":[60,101,190,208],"them.":[61],"The":[62,175],"present":[63],"study":[64],"explores":[65],"whether":[66],"these":[67],"can":[69],"also":[70,187],"explain":[71],"how":[72],"people":[73],"physically":[74],"psychologically":[76],"distance":[77,153],"themselves":[78],"from":[79,154,169],"guidelines":[83,196],"for":[84,90,141,197,204],"future":[85],"design":[86,199],"behaviors":[89,203],"robots.":[91],"In":[92],"a":[93,150],"controlled":[94],"laboratory":[95],"experiment,":[96],"participants":[97,135,158],"interacted":[98],"Wakamaru":[100],"perform":[102],"two":[103],"tasks":[104],"examined":[106],"participants.":[113],"We":[114],"manipulated":[115],"likeability":[117],"(likeable/dislikeable)":[118],"gaze":[120,147,173],"(mutual":[122],"gaze/averted":[123],"gaze)":[124],"robot.":[127,192],"Our":[128,193],"results":[129,176,194],"on":[130,177],"showed":[133],"who":[136,159,183],"disliked":[137,184],"robot":[139,162,171,186],"compensated":[140],"increase":[143],"robot's":[146],"maintaining":[149],"greater":[151],"robot,":[156],"while":[157],"liked":[160],"did":[163],"not":[164],"differ":[165],"across":[172],"conditions.":[174],"those":[182],"disclosed":[188],"less":[189],"offer":[195],"so":[206],"as":[207],"facilitate":[209],"effective":[210],"human-robot":[211],"interaction.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
