{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035489459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957730","title":"Expressing emotions through robots","display_name":"Expressing emotions through robots","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035489459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957730","mag":"2035489459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1957656.1957730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957730","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006605787","display_name":"Vimitha Manohar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimitha Manohar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039026158","display_name":"Shamma al Marzooqi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamma al Marzooqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059420501","display_name":"Jacob W. Crandall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-4146"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob W. Crandall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81105211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"199","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12313","display_name":"Emotions and Moral Behavior","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sadness","display_name":"Sadness","score":0.9455721378326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.7746904492378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7739917039871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/happiness","display_name":"Happiness","score":0.686904788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6611990332603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6379953622817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"Anger","score":0.6277424097061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.5940909385681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.44351333379745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.4319421648979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4092247188091278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1928546130657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1235266923904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.10179439187049866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.9455721378326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.7746904492378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7739917039871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8","display_name":"Happiness","level":2,"score":0.686904788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6611990332603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6379953622817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.6277424097061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.5940909385681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.44351333379745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.4319421648979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4092247188091278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1928546130657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1235266923904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10179439187049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1957656.1957730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957730","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13388985","https://openalex.org/W2003307346","https://openalex.org/W2052008821","https://openalex.org/W2109196208","https://openalex.org/W2162671057","https://openalex.org/W6600520175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120267809","https://openalex.org/W2373147122","https://openalex.org/W2913307771","https://openalex.org/W2058555531","https://openalex.org/W4311605484","https://openalex.org/W2902116245","https://openalex.org/W2393989740","https://openalex.org/W4236382845","https://openalex.org/W2558014965","https://openalex.org/W4402346481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"how":[3,20],"effectively":[4,59],"users":[5,49],"can":[6],"encode":[7,31],"emotions":[8,54],"in":[9],"robot":[10,14],"behaviors":[11,32],"using":[12],"existing":[13],"programming":[15,21],"interfaces.":[16],"Specifically,":[17],"we":[18,46],"analyze":[19],"interfaces":[22],"for":[23],"Nao":[24],"and":[25,38],"Pleo":[26],"robots":[27,57],"allow":[28],"end-users":[29],"to":[30,52],"that":[33,48],"express":[34,53],"anger,":[35],"sadness,":[36],"happiness,":[37],"surprise.":[39],"Via":[40],"a":[41],"series":[42],"of":[43],"user":[44],"studies,":[45],"found":[47],"were":[50],"able":[51],"through":[55],"these":[56],"more":[58],"via":[60],"verbal":[61],"expressions":[62],"than":[63],"non-verbal":[64],"expressions.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}