{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019518257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1952388.1952390","title":"Identifying Behavioral Strategies of Visually Impaired Users to Improve Access to Web Content","display_name":"Identifying Behavioral Strategies of Visually Impaired Users to Improve Access to Web Content","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019518257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1952388.1952390","mag":"2019518257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1952388.1952390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1952388.1952390","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F1952388.1952390&file=a13-lunn_appendix.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F1952388.1952390&file=a13-lunn_appendix.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073236151","display_name":"Darren Lunn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Lunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057651456","display_name":"Simon Harper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-5049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Harper","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047066677","display_name":"Sean Bechhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-3573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Bechhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.276,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94634403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcoding","display_name":"Transcoding","score":0.7870231866836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7799609899520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-content","display_name":"Web content","score":0.5305655002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-reader","display_name":"Screen reader","score":0.5175361037254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5136075019836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-navigation","display_name":"Web navigation","score":0.48950302600860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.4467414915561676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility","display_name":"Web accessibility","score":0.4239668548107147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.4003506898880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3394146263599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-standards","display_name":"Web standards","score":0.2585590183734894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visually-impaired","display_name":"Visually impaired","score":0.21077996492385864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134535813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888734","display_name":"Transcoding","level":2,"score":0.7870231866836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7799609899520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776324614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3948731","display_name":"Web content","level":3,"score":0.5305655002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778535757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328864","display_name":"Screen reader","level":3,"score":0.5175361037254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5136075019836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61096286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978592","display_name":"Web navigation","level":3,"score":0.48950302600860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4467414915561676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194669863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808932","display_name":"Web accessibility","level":4,"score":0.4239668548107147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.4003506898880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3394146263599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.2585590183734894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020106864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visually impaired","level":2,"score":0.21077996492385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1952388.1952390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1952388.1952390","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F1952388.1952390&file=a13-lunn_appendix.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/f0711012-4a83-4dbf-9e78-0fae5cfbf94a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/f0711012-4a83-4dbf-9e78-0fae5cfbf94a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lunn, D, Harper, S & Bechhofer, S 2011, 'Identifying behavioral strategies of visually impaired users to improve access to web content', ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing, vol. 3, no. 4, 13. https://doi.org/10.1145/1952388.1952390","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/f0711012-4a83-4dbf-9e78-0fae5cfbf94a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/identifying-behavioral-strategies-of-visually-impaired-users-to-improve-access-to-web-content(f0711012-4a83-4dbf-9e78-0fae5cfbf94a).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lunn, D, Harper, S & Bechhofer, S 2011, 'Identifying behavioral strategies of visually impaired users to improve access to web content', ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing, vol. 3, no. 4, 13. https://doi.org/10.1145/1952388.1952390","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1952388.1952390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1952388.1952390","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F1952388.1952390&file=a13-lunn_appendix.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019518257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019518257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W619224906","https://openalex.org/W1530155851","https://openalex.org/W1535747861","https://openalex.org/W1556808170","https://openalex.org/W1592645542","https://openalex.org/W1604934725","https://openalex.org/W1964729842","https://openalex.org/W1968097539","https://openalex.org/W1974490123","https://openalex.org/W1978852834","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1979364283","https://openalex.org/W2002873388","https://openalex.org/W2004239936","https://openalex.org/W2020940227","https://openalex.org/W2041851849","https://openalex.org/W2057852897","https://openalex.org/W2061639962","https://openalex.org/W2064818667","https://openalex.org/W2075548498","https://openalex.org/W2082884138","https://openalex.org/W2083627686","https://openalex.org/W2090332306","https://openalex.org/W2105297890","https://openalex.org/W2107112927","https://openalex.org/W2114454131","https://openalex.org/W2122086994","https://openalex.org/W2122882315","https://openalex.org/W2127693089","https://openalex.org/W2137264622","https://openalex.org/W2147428516","https://openalex.org/W2149866950","https://openalex.org/W2153167965","https://openalex.org/W2165167678","https://openalex.org/W2230062173","https://openalex.org/W2327662835","https://openalex.org/W2336188181","https://openalex.org/W2501639669","https://openalex.org/W3096972060","https://openalex.org/W4205241946","https://openalex.org/W4235855608","https://openalex.org/W4251308671","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292854730","https://openalex.org/W4292948928","https://openalex.org/W4393001425","https://openalex.org/W6668317587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101512165","https://openalex.org/W2256775643","https://openalex.org/W2075415103","https://openalex.org/W3004304591","https://openalex.org/W4283646189","https://openalex.org/W3144621801","https://openalex.org/W3192248832","https://openalex.org/W2016391114","https://openalex.org/W2486663599","https://openalex.org/W2031037498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115],"World":[1],"Wide":[2],"Web":[3,29,91,111,201,246,278,287],"is":[4,30,101],"a":[5,124,218,227,240,265],"predominantly":[6],"visual":[7],"media":[8],"for":[9,40,126,142,194,242,267],"presenting":[10],"and":[11,156,161,280],"disseminating":[12],"information.":[13],"As":[14],"such,":[15],"visually":[16,42,62,109,144,273],"impaired":[17,43,63,110,145,274],"users,":[18],"who":[19],"access":[20,51,92,244],"content":[21,54,75,205,247],"through":[22,217],"audio":[23],"interaction,":[24],"are":[25],"hindered":[26],"as":[27,191,239,264],"the":[28,53,67,78,81,85,96,138,152,174,179,192,215,231,234,257,271,281,286],"not":[31],"designed":[32],"with":[33],"their":[34],"needs":[35,79],"in":[36,65],"mind.":[37],"To":[38,103],"compensate":[39],"this,":[41,105],"users":[44,64,99,112,130,146,208,275],"develop":[45,123],"behavioral":[46,97],"strategies":[47,98,128,176,259,272],"to":[48,52,60,71,76,88,122,158,164,167,209,245,250,261,284,288,291],"cope":[49],"when":[50,133,248],"becomes":[55],"challenging.":[56],"While":[57],"tools":[58],"exist":[59],"aid":[61],"accessing":[66,137],"Web,":[68],"they":[69,134],"tend":[70],"focus":[72],"on":[73,277],"adapting":[74],"meet":[77],"of":[80,95,107,173,185,214,221,230,236,270],"device":[82],"rather":[83],"than":[84],"user.":[86],"Therefore,":[87],"further":[89,268],"improve":[90],"an":[93,149],"understanding":[94,269],"employ":[100,132,276],"required.":[102],"achieve":[104],"studies":[106],"eleven":[108],"were":[113,120,189],"conducted.":[114],"data":[116,141,169],"from":[117,148,178,226],"these":[118],"sessions":[119],"analyzed":[121],"framework":[125,153,180,260],"identifying":[127],"that":[129,198],"may":[131],"face":[135],"difficulties":[136],"content.":[139],"Using":[140],"twenty":[143],"obtained":[147,225],"independent":[150],"study,":[151],"was":[154],"validated":[155],"shown":[157],"be":[159,165,262,289],"flexible":[160],"accurate":[162],"enough":[163],"applicable":[166],"multiple":[168],"sources.":[170],"An":[171],"analysis":[172],"coping":[175,258],"identified":[177],"revealed":[181],"six":[182],"abstract":[183],"patterns":[184,188],"coping.":[186],"These":[187],"used":[190,263],"basis":[193],"developing":[195],"behavior-driven":[196,237],"transcoding":[197,232,238,252],"transformed":[199],"static":[200],"documents":[202],"into":[203],"interactive":[204],"by":[206],"allowing":[207],"navigate":[210],"between":[211],"key":[212,222],"elements":[213],"page":[216],"consistent":[219],"set":[220],"presses.":[223],"Results":[224],"user":[228],"evaluation":[229],"support":[233],"use":[235],"mechanism":[241],"improving":[243],"compared":[249],"existing":[251],"techniques.":[253],"This":[254],"result":[255],"allows":[256],"foundation":[266],"sites":[279],"transformations":[282],"required":[283],"allow":[285],"accessible":[290],"those":[292],"users.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}