{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019520259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1921233.1921242","title":"Taming the triangle inequality violations with network coordinate system on real internet","display_name":"Taming the triangle inequality violations with network coordinate system on real internet","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019520259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1921233.1921242","mag":"2019520259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1921233.1921242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1921233.1921242","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Re-Architecting the Internet Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101590139","display_name":"Yibo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8271-9535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350503","display_name":"Yang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-3060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066916314","display_name":"Zengbin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengbin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Santa Barbara","UC, Santa Barbara#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, Santa Barbara#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018318168","display_name":"Xiaoming Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-4753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380761","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100882683","display_name":"Beixing Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beixing Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600286","display_name":"Xing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-1742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91169275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.708046019077301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6793843507766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6375642418861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5859676599502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangle-inequality","display_name":"Triangle inequality","score":0.584225058555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5434018969535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.46113669872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4515407085418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44180354475975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34337615966796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.227512925863266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20925244688987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.16740214824676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15214598178863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1072407066822052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.708046019077301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6793843507766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6375642418861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5859676599502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182964748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208216","display_name":"Triangle inequality","level":2,"score":0.584225058555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5434018969535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.46113669872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4515407085418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44180354475975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34337615966796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.227512925863266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20925244688987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.16740214824676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15214598178863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1072407066822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1921233.1921242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1921233.1921242","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Re-Architecting the Internet Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.185.447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.185.447","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.net.informatik.uni-goettingen.de/publications/1724/Toread_ReArch10.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.232.7598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.232.7598","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://conferences.sigcomm.org/co-next/2010/Workshops/REARCH/ReArch_papers/07-Zhu.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2204934842","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d85\u7a7a\u95f4-\u5b50\u7a7a\u95f4\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5750\u6807\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"60850003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38070589","https://openalex.org/W51997014","https://openalex.org/W1560920520","https://openalex.org/W1729512379","https://openalex.org/W1919317705","https://openalex.org/W1994982577","https://openalex.org/W2069967734","https://openalex.org/W2074325716","https://openalex.org/W2105507405","https://openalex.org/W2132051999","https://openalex.org/W2153319198","https://openalex.org/W2157103490","https://openalex.org/W2170063609","https://openalex.org/W2170068982","https://openalex.org/W2170277382","https://openalex.org/W6602174211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539674285","https://openalex.org/W1038122923","https://openalex.org/W1998322187","https://openalex.org/W2952514781","https://openalex.org/W3019210376","https://openalex.org/W2391145594","https://openalex.org/W2393741509","https://openalex.org/W2113265763","https://openalex.org/W4221165003","https://openalex.org/W2164312060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"Coordinate":[1],"(NC)":[2],"systems":[3,56],"are":[4],"efficient":[5],"in":[6,27,87,116,126,160,164,173,178],"scalable":[7],"Internet":[8,47],"latency":[9],"estimation.":[10],"While":[11],"most":[12],"of":[13,73,81,105],"the":[14,32,46,71,75,102,107],"focus":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"put":[18],"on":[19,45,137],"how":[20],"to":[21,30,118],"distort":[22],"Triangle":[23],"Inequality":[24],"Violation":[25],"(TIV)":[26],"metric":[28,127,145],"spaces":[29],"relieve":[31],"inaccuracy":[33],"caused":[34],"by":[35,53,79,101],"it,":[36],"TIV":[37,109],"is":[38,99,156],"a":[39,95],"persistently":[40],"and":[41,48,131,171],"widely":[42],"existing":[43],"phenomenon":[44],"thus":[49,154],"should":[50],"be":[51],"embraced":[52],"future":[54],"NC":[55,66,92,114],"rather":[57],"than":[58,151],"being":[59],"eliminated.":[60],"Besides":[61],"high":[62],"accuracy,":[63],"such":[64],"an":[65,91],"system":[67,93],"can":[68,147],"also":[69],"provide":[70],"benefit":[72],"reducing":[74],"data":[76],"transmission":[77],"time":[78],"use":[80],"proper":[82],"relay":[83],"routes.":[84],"With":[85],"that":[86,143],"mind,":[88],"we":[89],"design":[90],"with":[94],"hierarchical":[96],"architecture,":[97],"which":[98],"motivated":[100],"natural":[103],"idea":[104],"partitioning":[106],"three":[108],"links":[110],"into":[111],"different":[112],"autonomous":[113],"systems,":[115],"order":[117],"make":[119],"as":[120,122],"many":[121],"TIVs":[123],"inherently":[124],"embeddable":[125],"space.":[128],"We":[129],"implement":[130],"deploy":[132],"our":[133],"work,":[134],"named":[135],"Toread,":[136],"real":[138],"Internet.":[139],"Evaluation":[140],"results":[141],"show":[142],"Toread's":[144],"space":[146],"well":[148],"characterize":[149],"more":[150],"60%":[152],"TIVs,":[153],"Toread":[155,161],"highly":[157],"accurate":[158],"(0.54":[159],"versus":[162],"1.06":[163],"Pyxida":[165],"at":[166],"90th":[167],"percentile":[168],"Relative":[169],"Error)":[170],"effective":[172],"searching":[174],"detour":[175],"paths":[176],"(succeeds":[177],"58.2%":[179],"cases).":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
