{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036961426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1890028.1890031","title":"Refinement types for secure implementations","display_name":"Refinement types for secure implementations","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036961426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1890028.1890031","mag":"2036961426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1890028.1890031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1890028.1890031","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1890028.1890031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1890028.1890031","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004557122","display_name":"Jesper Bengtson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jesper Bengtson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026297326","display_name":"Karthikeyan Bhargavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-8997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthikeyan Bhargavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108519702","display_name":"C\u00e9dric Fournet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6929-886X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9dric Fournet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078684560","display_name":"Andrew D. Gordon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-2484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043151499","display_name":"Sergio Maffeis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-6857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Maffeis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004557122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.0186,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":226,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99753225,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8881357312202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6430478096008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.6182315945625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5540614128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5406638383865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.5401076674461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4794444143772125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assertion","display_name":"Assertion","score":0.47093668580055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.45290762186050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4110051393508911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2169111669063568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8881357312202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6430478096008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.6182315945625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5540614128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5406638383865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.5401076674461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4794444143772125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.47093668580055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.45290762186050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4110051393508911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2169111669063568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1890028.1890031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1890028.1890031","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1890028.1890031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.144.2957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.144.2957","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~maffeis/csf08.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.150.3883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.150.3883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/70624/tr-2008-118.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.164.8572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.164.8572","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.research.microsoft.com/~adg/Publications/MSR-TR-2008-118-SP1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.185.2624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.185.2624","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.research.microsoft.com/%7Eadg/Publications/MSR-TR-2008-118-SP2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.221.4885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.221.4885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/%7Emaffeis/toplas11.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.470.1597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.470.1597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:214637/FULLTEXT01.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01294973v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01294973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), 2011, 33 (2), ⟨10.1145/1890028.1890031⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1890028.1890031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1890028.1890031","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1890028.1890031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2582189557","display_name":"Programming abstractions and static analyses for the web 2.0 and beyond.","funder_award_id":"EP/E044956/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4908557464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/I004246/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8377461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E044956/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036961426.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036961426.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153174126","https://openalex.org/W168400685","https://openalex.org/W569543113","https://openalex.org/W1479723338","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1487403858","https://openalex.org/W1491277366","https://openalex.org/W1542335382","https://openalex.org/W1544662935","https://openalex.org/W1562901937","https://openalex.org/W1570043269","https://openalex.org/W1572536035","https://openalex.org/W1580328473","https://openalex.org/W1583630764","https://openalex.org/W1586167239","https://openalex.org/W1587012427","https://openalex.org/W1590844387","https://openalex.org/W1593666219","https://openalex.org/W1616718256","https://openalex.org/W1741698332","https://openalex.org/W1817601911","https://openalex.org/W1888344413","https://openalex.org/W1959256509","https://openalex.org/W1966663897","https://openalex.org/W1973676520","https://openalex.org/W1975575519","https://openalex.org/W1975882289","https://openalex.org/W1986402635","https://openalex.org/W1987339920","https://openalex.org/W1991234099","https://openalex.org/W1991354622","https://openalex.org/W1993836075","https://openalex.org/W1994676271","https://openalex.org/W1998049836","https://openalex.org/W2005192022","https://openalex.org/W2025431400","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2034810774","https://openalex.org/W2037661243","https://openalex.org/W2044338429","https://openalex.org/W2052267638","https://openalex.org/W2055259417","https://openalex.org/W2055477538","https://openalex.org/W2061056245","https://openalex.org/W2063073904","https://openalex.org/W2067072801","https://openalex.org/W2072210640","https://openalex.org/W2073385346","https://openalex.org/W2095629885","https://openalex.org/W2095757617","https://openalex.org/W2096216741","https://openalex.org/W2096692976","https://openalex.org/W2097913369","https://openalex.org/W2099361263","https://openalex.org/W2101085206","https://openalex.org/W2104130981","https://openalex.org/W2108978217","https://openalex.org/W2109614775","https://openalex.org/W2109703800","https://openalex.org/W2110980218","https://openalex.org/W2112018008","https://openalex.org/W2114189125","https://openalex.org/W2115721302","https://openalex.org/W2117403024","https://openalex.org/W2123319381","https://openalex.org/W2123364806","https://openalex.org/W2126275975","https://openalex.org/W2127402358","https://openalex.org/W2128057448","https://openalex.org/W2128963089","https://openalex.org/W2134118306","https://openalex.org/W2135322712","https://openalex.org/W2136327713","https://openalex.org/W2136624255","https://openalex.org/W2146306932","https://openalex.org/W2146973388","https://openalex.org/W2148025199","https://openalex.org/W2149302272","https://openalex.org/W2152845220","https://openalex.org/W2154385894","https://openalex.org/W2155626861","https://openalex.org/W2156773905","https://openalex.org/W2157542076","https://openalex.org/W2158126684","https://openalex.org/W2161011930","https://openalex.org/W2161264062","https://openalex.org/W2168277905","https://openalex.org/W2170630946","https://openalex.org/W2171182387","https://openalex.org/W2174624365","https://openalex.org/W2176696677","https://openalex.org/W2177603938","https://openalex.org/W2187360174","https://openalex.org/W2295923951","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2568721247","https://openalex.org/W2914478929","https://openalex.org/W3022131440","https://openalex.org/W3103275940","https://openalex.org/W4212770529","https://openalex.org/W4214931895","https://openalex.org/W4235130846","https://openalex.org/W4236557065","https://openalex.org/W4237350695","https://openalex.org/W4252361379","https://openalex.org/W6629098260","https://openalex.org/W6635009385","https://openalex.org/W6637462214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904818008","https://openalex.org/W2904314268","https://openalex.org/W57958781","https://openalex.org/W1554274402","https://openalex.org/W2361781577","https://openalex.org/W1488313539","https://openalex.org/W1971522943","https://openalex.org/W4308361275","https://openalex.org/W3034338022","https://openalex.org/W2126560026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,43,98],"present":[1],"the":[2,14,53,80,107],"design":[3],"and":[4,20,38,48],"implementation":[5,73],"of":[6,13,17,102,114],"a":[7,29,65,100],"typechecker":[8,78],"for":[9,35,79],"verifying":[10],"security":[11,60],"properties":[12,113],"source":[15,120],"code":[16],"cryptographic":[18,46,115],"protocols":[19,116],"access":[21],"control":[22],"mechanisms.":[23],"The":[24,72],"underlying":[25],"type":[26,54],"theory":[27],"is":[28,106],"\u03bb-calculus":[30],"equipped":[31],"with":[32,62],"refinement":[33],"types":[34],"expressing":[36],"pre-":[37],"post-conditions":[39],"within":[40,52],"first-order":[41],"logic.":[42],"derive":[44],"formal":[45],"primitives":[47],"represent":[49],"active":[50],"adversaries":[51],"theory.":[55],"Well-typed":[56],"programs":[57],"enjoy":[58],"assertion-based":[59],"properties,":[61],"respect":[63],"to":[64,75,94,110],"realistic":[66],"threat":[67],"model":[68],"including":[69],"key":[70],"compromise.":[71],"amounts":[74],"an":[76,95],"enhanced":[77],"general-purpose":[81],"functional":[82],"language":[83],"F":[84],"#":[85],";":[86],"typechecking":[87,118],"generates":[88],"verification":[89],"conditions":[90],"that":[91],"are":[92],"passed":[93],"SMT":[96],"solver.":[97],"describe":[99],"series":[101],"checked":[103],"examples.":[104],"This":[105],"first":[108],"tool":[109],"verify":[111],"authentication":[112],"by":[117],"their":[119],"code.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}