{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964617670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1869746.1869762","title":"Facilitating independent learning with Lego Mindstorms robots","display_name":"Facilitating independent learning with Lego Mindstorms robots","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964617670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1869746.1869762","mag":"1964617670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1869746.1869762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1869746.1869762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764691006","display_name":"ACM Inroads","issn_l":"2153-2184","issn":["2153-2184","2153-2192"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Inroads","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013305999","display_name":"Andrew Kwok-Fai Lui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8679417","display_name":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0349bsm71","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew K. Lui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong","Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037222502","display_name":"Sin-Chun Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-530X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8679417","display_name":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0349bsm71","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. C. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong","Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025433221","display_name":"Yannie H.Y. Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-627X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannie H. Y. Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040517665","display_name":"Prabhat Gurung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8679417","display_name":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0349bsm71","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhat Gurung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong","Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85490562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"49","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12345","display_name":"Adult and Continuing Education Topics","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9456999897956848,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.7474067807197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.732568085193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5897521376609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4185497760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.413334459066391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.35039448738098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17636552453041077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.7474067807197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.732568085193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5897521376609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4185497760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.413334459066391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.35039448738098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17636552453041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1869746.1869762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1869746.1869762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764691006","display_name":"ACM Inroads","issn_l":"2153-2184","issn":["2153-2184","2153-2192"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Inroads","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592628973","https://openalex.org/W1979364456","https://openalex.org/W2025089693","https://openalex.org/W2035109430","https://openalex.org/W2153822440","https://openalex.org/W2157210352","https://openalex.org/W2295900395","https://openalex.org/W2994223939","https://openalex.org/W3000021274","https://openalex.org/W3011480846","https://openalex.org/W3023477597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2026800644","https://openalex.org/W2045456578","https://openalex.org/W2918883224","https://openalex.org/W4312091514","https://openalex.org/W2014322580","https://openalex.org/W2805209921","https://openalex.org/W1993084869","https://openalex.org/W3106945349","https://openalex.org/W3204394973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,24],"project":[4,14],"aiming":[5],"at":[6],"promoting":[7],"independent":[8],"learning":[9,34,56],"among":[10],"CS1":[11],"students.":[12],"The":[13],"used":[15],"Lego":[16,58],"Mindstorms":[17,59],"robots":[18,60],"as":[19],"the":[20,38,46],"tool":[21],"for":[22],"building":[23],"course":[25,47],"that":[26],"could":[27],"engage":[28],"students":[29,51],"of":[30,33,55],"various":[31],"levels":[32,54],"independence.":[35,57],"Based":[36],"on":[37],"Staged":[39],"Self-Directed":[40],"Learning":[41],"Model":[42],"proposed":[43],"by":[44],"Grow,":[45],"hoped":[48],"to":[49,52],"take":[50],"higher":[53],"proved":[61],"their":[62],"versatility":[63],"in":[64],"achieving":[65],"this":[66],"objective.":[67]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}