{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044004015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1866307.1866320","title":"PinDr0p","display_name":"PinDr0p","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044004015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1866307.1866320","mag":"2044004015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1866307.1866320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1866307.1866320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073890487","display_name":"Vijay A. Balasubramaniyan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vijay A. Balasubramaniyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031653811","display_name":"Aamir Poonawalla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Poonawalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018826118","display_name":"Mustaque Ahamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7955-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustaque Ahamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113787823","display_name":"Michael T. Hunter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael T. Hunter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048941759","display_name":"Patrick Traynor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-5189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Traynor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073890487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93255212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"109","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8672245740890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-over-ip","display_name":"Voice over IP","score":0.804053783416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-control","display_name":"Call control","score":0.5979401469230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telephony","display_name":"Telephony","score":0.578605592250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.5631090998649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.561999499797821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-management","display_name":"Call management","score":0.5479639768600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.472574383020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-graph","display_name":"Call graph","score":0.4325200319290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.42812085151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telephone-network","display_name":"Telephone network","score":0.4131448268890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.22376379370689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.19091618061065674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8672245740890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171246234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81945","display_name":"Voice over IP","level":3,"score":0.804053783416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131969451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5021614","display_name":"Call control","level":2,"score":0.5979401469230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195358072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944584","display_name":"Telephony","level":2,"score":0.578605592250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.5631090998649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.561999499797821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28819325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5021628","display_name":"Call management","level":3,"score":0.5479639768600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.472574383020401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102379954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2589940","display_name":"Call graph","level":2,"score":0.4325200319290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.42812085151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197698232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354216","display_name":"Telephone network","level":2,"score":0.4131448268890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.22376379370689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.19091618061065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1866307.1866320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1866307.1866320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84267113","https://openalex.org/W105475431","https://openalex.org/W127688506","https://openalex.org/W187122915","https://openalex.org/W1552314771","https://openalex.org/W1552694902","https://openalex.org/W1899647947","https://openalex.org/W1953606363","https://openalex.org/W1966950276","https://openalex.org/W1967949770","https://openalex.org/W1988545508","https://openalex.org/W2012215110","https://openalex.org/W2043681328","https://openalex.org/W2045334584","https://openalex.org/W2089908167","https://openalex.org/W2093427535","https://openalex.org/W2095663497","https://openalex.org/W2105854852","https://openalex.org/W2107571548","https://openalex.org/W2118172426","https://openalex.org/W2118964926","https://openalex.org/W2121895216","https://openalex.org/W2134553350","https://openalex.org/W2135708813","https://openalex.org/W2135832271","https://openalex.org/W2144411949","https://openalex.org/W2146241755","https://openalex.org/W2148135249","https://openalex.org/W2153729754","https://openalex.org/W2166916904","https://openalex.org/W2167266744","https://openalex.org/W2169177434","https://openalex.org/W2169427758","https://openalex.org/W2169863116","https://openalex.org/W2171588311","https://openalex.org/W2299216019","https://openalex.org/W2404491398","https://openalex.org/W2508349678","https://openalex.org/W2613324367","https://openalex.org/W2685897055","https://openalex.org/W4231807801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370109774","https://openalex.org/W2353428845","https://openalex.org/W2187353178","https://openalex.org/W2949617132","https://openalex.org/W4250116973","https://openalex.org/W2031054565","https://openalex.org/W2162705846","https://openalex.org/W4233040899","https://openalex.org/W2233428151","https://openalex.org/W2349114770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"recent":[1],"diversification":[2],"of":[3,76,92,110,127,221],"telephony":[4],"infrastructure":[5],"allows":[6],"users":[7,50],"to":[8,36,48,73,90,123,182],"communicate":[9],"through":[10,130],"landlines,":[11],"mobile":[12],"phones":[13,198],"and":[14,58,68,84,143,146,159,193,196],"VoIP":[15],"phones.":[16],"However,":[17],"call":[18,53,112,129,171],"metadata":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21,131,133],"Caller-ID":[22],"is":[23],"either":[24],"not":[25],"transferred":[26,28],"or":[27],"without":[29],"verification":[30],"across":[31,201],"these":[32,114,174],"networks,":[33],"allowing":[34],"attackers":[35],"maliciously":[37],"alter":[38],"it.":[39],"In":[40,107,208],"this":[41,97],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,153,157,164,176,179,211],"develop":[44],"PinDr0p,":[45],"a":[46,63,104,128,170,213,222],"mechanism":[47],"assist":[49],"in":[51,116,216],"determining":[52,218],"provenance":[54,220],"-":[55],"the":[56,59,77,93,108,125,161,202,219],"source":[57],"path":[60],"taken":[61],"by":[62],"call.":[64,223],"Our":[65],"techniques":[66],"detect":[67],"measure":[69],"single-ended":[70],"audio":[71],"features":[72,115],"identify":[74,158],"all":[75,144],"applied":[78],"voice":[79,95],"codecs,":[80],"calculate":[81],"packet":[82],"loss":[83],"noise":[85],"profiles,":[86],"while":[87],"remaining":[88],"agnostic":[89],"characteristics":[91],"speaker's":[94],"(as":[96],"may":[98],"legitimately":[99],"change":[100],"when":[101],"interacting":[102],"with":[103,118,149,204],"large":[105],"organization).":[106],"absence":[109],"verifiable":[111],"metadata,":[113],"combination":[117],"machine":[119],"learning":[120],"allow":[121],"us":[122],"determine":[124],"traversal":[126],"many":[132],"three":[134],"different":[135],"providers":[136],"(e.g.,":[137],"cellular,":[138,190],"then":[139,141],"VoIP,":[140],"PSTN":[142],"combinations":[145],"subsets":[147],"thereof)":[148],"91.6%":[150],"accuracy.":[151,207],"Moreover,":[152],"show":[154,177],"that":[155,178],"once":[156],"characterize":[160],"networks":[162],"traversed,":[163],"can":[165],"create":[166],"detailed":[167],"fingerprints":[168,175],"for":[169],"source.":[172],"Using":[173],"are":[180],"able":[181],"distinguish":[183],"between":[184],"calls":[185],"made":[186],"using":[187],"specific":[188],"PSTN,":[189],"Vonage,":[191],"Skype":[192],"other":[194],"hard":[195],"soft":[197],"from":[199],"locations":[200],"world":[203],"over":[205],"90%":[206],"so":[209],"doing,":[210],"provide":[212],"first":[214],"step":[215],"accurately":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
