{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130229636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1866029.1866039","title":"A framework for robust and flexible handling of inputs with uncertainty","display_name":"A framework for robust and flexible handling of inputs with uncertainty","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130229636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1866029.1866039","mag":"2130229636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1866029.1866039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1866029.1866039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084754269","display_name":"Julia Schwarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-3588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julia Schwarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039238746","display_name":"Scott E. Hudson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-3251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Hudson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040915036","display_name":"Jennifer Mankoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-5324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Mankoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078791295","display_name":"Andrew D. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084754269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9133,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90657757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"47","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactor","display_name":"Interactor","score":0.8401004672050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8062015771865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.7008751630783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.601608395576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5690581202507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4738498032093048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4482285976409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4338664412498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14312109351158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166998942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16969238","display_name":"Interactor","level":2,"score":0.8401004672050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8062015771865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7008751630783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.601608395576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5690581202507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4738498032093048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4482285976409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4338664412498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14312109351158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1866029.1866039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1866029.1866039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.308.3651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.308.3651","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/awilson/publications/SchwarzUIST2010/SchwarzUIST2010.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100691759","https://openalex.org/W1596932356","https://openalex.org/W1971518276","https://openalex.org/W1977011589","https://openalex.org/W1981096457","https://openalex.org/W2004132380","https://openalex.org/W2004363084","https://openalex.org/W2012205861","https://openalex.org/W2012633374","https://openalex.org/W2013489329","https://openalex.org/W2017719916","https://openalex.org/W2025904186","https://openalex.org/W2048707641","https://openalex.org/W2057243093","https://openalex.org/W2076656908","https://openalex.org/W2090635047","https://openalex.org/W2112103637","https://openalex.org/W2112824399","https://openalex.org/W2122544819","https://openalex.org/W2124696617","https://openalex.org/W2132233302","https://openalex.org/W2293769110","https://openalex.org/W3147168160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331011004","https://openalex.org/W2327979883","https://openalex.org/W2325169325","https://openalex.org/W2126505405","https://openalex.org/W2746007138","https://openalex.org/W183699606","https://openalex.org/W2107445898","https://openalex.org/W4309941128","https://openalex.org/W1552589759","https://openalex.org/W2062395746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"input":[1,8,52,79,121],"technologies":[2,56],"(such":[3,9,16],"as":[4,10,17,49,63,65],"touch),":[5],"recognition":[6],"based":[7],"pen":[11],"gestures)":[12],"and":[13,48,86,110,166,208],"next-generation":[14],"interactions":[15,184],"inexact":[18],"interaction)":[19],"all":[20,32,181,189],"hold":[21],"the":[22,114,118,190],"promise":[23],"of":[24,154,182,194,202],"more":[25],"natural":[26],"user":[27],"interfaces.":[28],"However,":[29],"these":[30,55,183],"techniques":[31],"create":[33],"inputs":[34,109],"with":[35,80,175],"some":[36],"uncertainty.":[37],"Unfortunately,":[38],"conventional":[39,61],"infrastructure":[40],"lacks":[41],"a":[42,50,69,75,83,131,146,157,209,215],"method":[43],"for":[44,77,113,173],"easily":[45],"handling":[46,78],"uncertainty,":[47],"result":[51],"produced":[53],"by":[54,185,199],"is":[57],"often":[58],"converted":[59],"to":[60,68,88,104,111,130,162,171,206],"events":[62],"quickly":[64],"possible,":[66],"leading":[67],"stunted":[70],"interactive":[71],"experience.":[72],"We":[73],"present":[74,96],"framework":[76,179],"uncertainty":[81,187],"in":[82,117],"systematic,":[84],"extensible,":[85],"easy":[87],"manipulate":[89],"fashion.":[90],"To":[91],"illustrate":[92],"this":[93],"framework,":[94],"we":[95],"several":[97],"traditional":[98],"interactors":[99],"which":[100,168,218],"have":[101],"been":[102],"extended":[103],"provide":[105],"feedback":[106],"about":[107],"uncertain":[108],"allow":[112],"possibility":[115],"that":[116,120,140,149,159,212],"end":[119,127],"will":[122],"be":[123],"judged":[124],"wrong":[125],"(or":[126],"up":[128],"going":[129],"different":[132],"interactor).":[133],"Our":[134,178],"six":[135],"demonstrations":[136],"include":[137],"tiny":[138],"buttons":[139,167],"are":[141,169],"manipulable":[142],"using":[143],"touch":[144],"input,":[145,156,165],"text":[147],"box":[148],"can":[150,160],"handle":[151],"multiple":[152],"interpretations":[153],"spoken":[155],"scrollbar":[158],"respond":[161],"inexactly":[163],"placed":[164],"easier":[170],"click":[172],"people":[174],"motor":[176],"impairments.":[177],"supports":[180],"carrying":[186],"forward":[188],"way":[191],"through":[192],"selection":[193],"possible":[195],"target":[196],"interactors,":[197,200],"interpretation":[198],"generation":[201],"(uncertain)":[203],"candidate":[204],"actions":[205,219],"take,":[207],"mediation":[210],"process":[211],"decides":[213],"(in":[214],"lazy":[216],"fashion)":[217],"should":[220],"become":[221],"final.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
