{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008020458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1865909.1865958","title":"Probability of successful transfer of low-level concepts via machine translation","display_name":"Probability of successful transfer of low-level concepts via machine translation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008020458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1865909.1865958","mag":"2008020458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1865909.1865958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1865909.1865958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108350030","display_name":"Gregory A. Sanders","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory A. Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028464734","display_name":"Sherri Condon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44896327","display_name":"Mitre (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ks2a131","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherri Condon","raw_affiliation_strings":["The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72448174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"246","last_page":"250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7936070561408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7726784944534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.731574296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6614851951599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6380643248558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.6142751574516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.6076675057411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.5881387591362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5725215673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5187523365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.48184049129486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odds","display_name":"Odds","score":0.48175907135009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.461527019739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.44505298137664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.4348721206188202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4325066804885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.42644476890563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11383974552154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0910210907459259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7936070561408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7726784944534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.731574296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6614851951599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6380643248558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.6142751574516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6076675057411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.5881387591362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5725215673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5187523365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.48184049129486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.48175907135009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.461527019739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.44505298137664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.4348721206188202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4325066804885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.42644476890563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11383974552154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0910210907459259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1865909.1865958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1865909.1865958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531333438","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W3198653489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W2122287718","https://openalex.org/W2587602790","https://openalex.org/W2740094425","https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W193726211","https://openalex.org/W3196981096","https://openalex.org/W2532807140","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W2131079305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,116],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,78],"present":[4,58],"one":[5],"of":[6,15,34,43,75,88,92,99],"the":[7,13,19,29,32,41,51,59,62,73,76,89,93,104,108],"important":[8,53],"metrics":[9],"used":[10],"to":[11,81,107],"measure":[12],"quality":[14],"machine":[16,36],"translation":[17,37],"in":[18,115],"DARPA":[20],"TRANSTAC":[21],"program.":[22],"The":[23],"metric":[24],"is":[25],"stated":[26],"as":[27],"either":[28],"probability":[30],"or":[31],"odds":[33],"a":[35,97],"system":[38],"successfully":[39],"transferring":[40],"meaning":[42],"content":[44],"words":[45],"(nouns,":[46],"verbs,":[47],"adjectives,":[48],"adverbs,":[49],"plus":[50],"most":[52],"quanitifiers":[54],"and":[55,67,122],"prepositions).":[56],"We":[57],"rationale":[60],"for":[61],"metric,":[63,77],"explain":[64],"its":[65,69],"implementation,":[66],"examine":[68],"performance.":[70],"To":[71],"characterize":[72],"performance":[74],"compare":[79,103],"it":[80],"utterance":[82],"level":[83],"(or":[84],"sentence-level)":[85],"human":[86],"judgments":[87],"semantic":[90],"adequacy":[91],"translations,":[94],"obtained":[95],"from":[96],"panel":[98],"bilingual":[100],"judges":[101],"who":[102],"source-language":[105],"input":[106],"target-language":[109],"(translated)":[110],"output.":[111],"Language":[112],"pairs":[113],"examined":[114],"paper":[117],"include":[118],"English-to-Arabic,":[119],"Arabic-to-English,":[120],"English-to-Dari,":[121],"Dari-to-English.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
