{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999993570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1852786.1852797","title":"Building empirical support for automated code smell detection","display_name":"Building empirical support for automated code smell detection","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999993570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1852786.1852797","mag":"1999993570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1852786.1852797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1852786.1852797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000501902","display_name":"Jan Schumacher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112756935","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/04p61dj41","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112756935"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Schumacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany","University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112756935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112756935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031345610","display_name":"Nico Zazworka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-453X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162509","display_name":"Fraunhofer USA Center Mid-Atlantic CMA","ror":"https://ror.org/05sz9gw20","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161623","https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nico Zazworka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Center, College Park, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center, College Park, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027573308","display_name":"Forrest Shull","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162509","display_name":"Fraunhofer USA Center Mid-Atlantic CMA","ror":"https://ror.org/05sz9gw20","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161623","https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Forrest Shull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Center, College Park, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center, College Park, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026540719","display_name":"Carolyn Seaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6588-9830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162509","display_name":"Fraunhofer USA Center Mid-Atlantic CMA","ror":"https://ror.org/05sz9gw20","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161623","https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn Seaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Center, College Park, MD and UMBC, Baltimore, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center, College Park, MD and UMBC, Baltimore, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162509"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081291773","display_name":"Michele A. Shaw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162509","display_name":"Fraunhofer USA Center Mid-Atlantic CMA","ror":"https://ror.org/05sz9gw20","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161623","https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Center, College Park, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center, College Park, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162509"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.8574795722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.8149870038032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7169108390808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6989655494689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.6924208402633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5481451153755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5365365147590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5216463208198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4980025291442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.49456045031547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4825407862663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.476563960313797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42696547508239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4027623236179352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3898765742778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.2845362424850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2729395627975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14042970538139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.09354272484779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.08186513185501099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.8574795722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.8149870038032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7169108390808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6989655494689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.6924208402633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5481451153755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5365365147590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5216463208198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4980025291442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49456045031547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4825407862663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.476563960313797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42696547508239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4027623236179352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3898765742778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.2845362424850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2729395627975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14042970538139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.09354272484779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.08186513185501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1852786.1852797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1852786.1852797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-263694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-263694.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer CESE","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/370781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/370781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5140187108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF 0916699","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597511998","https://openalex.org/W1516638553","https://openalex.org/W1526130583","https://openalex.org/W1534729839","https://openalex.org/W1564623840","https://openalex.org/W1567157064","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1963598945","https://openalex.org/W1970029789","https://openalex.org/W1974655094","https://openalex.org/W2015029815","https://openalex.org/W2024866554","https://openalex.org/W2070504353","https://openalex.org/W2082270918","https://openalex.org/W2106013472","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2141069252","https://openalex.org/W2149963636","https://openalex.org/W2151295763","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2164060400","https://openalex.org/W2164566712","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2216905672","https://openalex.org/W2767658657","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W2983995785","https://openalex.org/W2986348978","https://openalex.org/W2998678832","https://openalex.org/W3144127399","https://openalex.org/W4206302131","https://openalex.org/W6631884668","https://openalex.org/W6683106902","https://openalex.org/W6811277966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088986462","https://openalex.org/W2780981476","https://openalex.org/W2955607951","https://openalex.org/W3166181464","https://openalex.org/W2187939805","https://openalex.org/W125071098","https://openalex.org/W2517910349","https://openalex.org/W2946499381","https://openalex.org/W3153400467","https://openalex.org/W4229981338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"refactoring":[1],"opportunities":[2],"in":[3,10,30,52,155],"software":[4,62],"systems":[5],"is":[6,97],"an":[7,48,89,132],"important":[8],"activity":[9],"today's":[11],"agile":[12],"development":[13],"environments.":[14],"The":[15,56,76],"concept":[16],"of":[17,27,158],"code":[18,67,142],"smells":[19],"has":[20],"been":[21],"proposed":[22,114],"to":[23,37,73,121,128],"characterize":[24],"different":[25],"types":[26],"design":[28],"shortcomings":[29],"code.":[31],"Additionally,":[32],"metric-based":[33,115,134,159],"detection":[34,116,145],"algorithms":[35],"claim":[36],"identify":[38,108],"the":[39,59,82,92,95,122,129,137,152,156],"\"smelly\"":[40],"components":[41],"automatically.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"presents":[45],"results":[46,72,77,126,157],"for":[47,94,105],"empirical":[49],"study":[50,57],"performed":[51,118],"a":[53,102,148],"commercial":[54],"environment.":[55],"investigates":[58],"way":[60],"professional":[61],"developers":[63],"detect":[64],"god":[65,86,109],"class":[66],"smells,":[68],"then":[69],"compares":[70],"these":[71],"automatic":[74],"classification.":[75,124],"show":[78],"that,":[79],"even":[80],"though":[81],"subjects":[83,107],"perceive":[84],"detecting":[85],"classes":[87,110],"as":[88,111],"easy":[90],"task,":[91],"agreement":[93],"classification":[96],"low.":[98],"Misplaced":[99],"methods":[100],"are":[101],"strong":[103],"driver":[104],"letting":[106],"such.":[112],"Earlier":[113],"approaches":[117],"well":[119],"compared":[120],"human":[123],"These":[125],"lead":[127],"conclusion":[130],"that":[131],"automated":[133],"pre-selection":[135],"decreases":[136],"effort":[138],"spent":[139],"on":[140],"manual":[141,149],"inspections.":[143],"Automatic":[144],"accompanied":[146],"by":[147],"review":[150],"increases":[151],"overall":[153],"confidence":[154],"classifiers.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
