{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031288567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1838002.1838087","title":"Principal component analysis based classification of settlements in satellite images","display_name":"Principal component analysis based classification of settlements in satellite images","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031288567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1838002.1838087","mag":"2031288567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1838002.1838087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1838002.1838087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031198492","display_name":"Abida Najab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abida Najab","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAST-National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST-National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065601852","display_name":"Irshad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-2083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irshad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAST-National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST-National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101853395","display_name":"Farooq Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3985-0948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farooq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia","King Khalid University; Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Khalid University; Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.07,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79884981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7115311622619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6650815606117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5491044521331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.51161128282547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5107381343841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-settlement","display_name":"Human settlement","score":0.5056712627410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4950632154941559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48557016253471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.463080495595932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.4438059329986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44073277711868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.41111618280410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4087274968624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.33937186002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21186602115631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.14163708686828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10361593961715698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7115311622619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6650815606117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5491044521331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.51161128282547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5107381343841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16678853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972","display_name":"Human settlement","level":2,"score":0.5056712627410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4950632154941559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48557016253471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.463080495595932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.4438059329986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44073277711868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.41111618280410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4087274968624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.33937186002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21186602115631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.14163708686828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10361593961715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1838002.1838087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1838002.1838087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147083204","https://openalex.org/W2010712029","https://openalex.org/W2130883860","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2533575172","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972509471","https://openalex.org/W2364895548","https://openalex.org/W1975632186","https://openalex.org/W2356402638","https://openalex.org/W2365264745","https://openalex.org/W3027745756","https://openalex.org/W3205213561","https://openalex.org/W2353867112","https://openalex.org/W2531880140","https://openalex.org/W2043913960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,161,171],"objective":[1],"of":[2,15,51,97,111,175,182,206,232],"this":[3,22,101,134,189],"research":[4],"is":[5,27,121,195],"to":[6,127,185,197],"use":[7],"satellite":[8,32,40,145,153],"images":[9,18,41,154],"for":[10,45,80,106,214],"the":[11,85,93,149,180,183,199,204,217,222,226,230,233],"classification":[12,50,157,215],"and":[13,34,53,59,92,124,130,142,168,173],"identification":[14],"settlements.":[16],"Satellite":[17],"are":[19,66,74,159,163,212],"used":[20,44,89,105,196,213],"in":[21,29,69,77,109,203],"research.":[23],"A":[24],"wide":[25],"area":[26],"covered":[28],"a":[30,81,98],"single":[31],"image":[33],"it":[35,115],"contains":[36],"enormous":[37],"information":[38,151],"therefore":[39],"can":[42,87,103,116,136],"be":[43,88,104,137,186],"many":[46,78,155],"useful":[47],"purposes,":[48],"like":[49],"objects":[52],"land":[54],"cover":[55],"classes,":[56],"change":[57],"detection":[58,108],"population":[60],"estimation":[61],"etc.":[62,119],"Many":[63],"small":[64],"settlements":[65,73],"usually":[67],"scattered":[68],"remote":[70],"areas.":[71],"These":[72,209],"very":[75,122,140],"important":[76],"aspects":[79],"country":[82],"such":[83],"as;":[84],"data":[86,102],"developmental":[90],"planning":[91],"accurate":[94],"censuses":[95],"statistics":[96],"country;":[99],"moreover":[100],"damage":[107],"case":[110],"any":[112],"disaster.":[113],"Furthermore":[114],"help":[117],"estimate":[118],"This":[120],"laborious":[123],"expensive":[125],"task":[126],"visit":[128],"each":[129],"every":[131],"place":[132],"but":[133],"work":[135,190],"carried":[138],"out":[139],"easily":[141],"affordably":[143],"using":[144],"imagery.":[146],"To":[147],"obtain":[148],"desired":[150],"from":[152],"different":[156],"algorithms":[158,162,177],"used.":[160],"broadly":[164],"categorized":[165],"into":[166],"supervised":[167],"unsupervised":[169],"classification.":[170],"selection":[172],"result":[174],"these":[176],"depend":[178],"upon":[179],"nature":[181],"problem":[184],"analyzed.":[187],"In":[188],"Principal":[191],"Component":[192],"Analysis":[193],"(PCA)":[194],"extract":[198],"feature":[200],"or":[201],"signature":[202],"shape":[205],"Eigen":[207,210],"vectors.":[208],"vectors":[211],"on":[216],"basis":[218],"Euclidean":[219],"distance.":[220],"Comparing":[221],"actual":[223],"results":[224],"with":[225],"reference":[227],"map":[228],"checks":[229],"accuracy":[231],"system.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}