{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001602611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1831708.1831741","title":"N-version disassembly","display_name":"N-version disassembly","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001602611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1831708.1831741","mag":"2001602611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1831708.1831741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1831708.1831741","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th international symposium on Software testing and analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087041174","display_name":"Roberto Paleari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Paleari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062307542","display_name":"Lorenzo Martignoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Martignoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006969371","display_name":"Giampaolo Fresi Roglia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giampaolo Fresi Roglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058151309","display_name":"Danilo Bruschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-5976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Bruschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75292805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"265","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5447973608970642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5447973608970642}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1831708.1831741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1831708.1831741","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th international symposium on Software testing and analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7103708","https://openalex.org/W86082734","https://openalex.org/W109452506","https://openalex.org/W1534474245","https://openalex.org/W1564075167","https://openalex.org/W1945100066","https://openalex.org/W1984733757","https://openalex.org/W1992181084","https://openalex.org/W2034711041","https://openalex.org/W2062227764","https://openalex.org/W2062340141","https://openalex.org/W2068094728","https://openalex.org/W2102039064","https://openalex.org/W2119055825","https://openalex.org/W2122403474","https://openalex.org/W2122684504","https://openalex.org/W2134312016","https://openalex.org/W2136286495","https://openalex.org/W2136538087","https://openalex.org/W2149216329","https://openalex.org/W2166462894","https://openalex.org/W2532550198","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W3021447659","https://openalex.org/W6604335577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"output":[1,101,109],"of":[2,22,26,33,57,74,83,94,110,134,147],"a":[3,23,65,81,115],"disassembler":[4],"is":[5,60],"used":[6],"for":[7,139],"many":[8,44],"different":[9],"purposes":[10],"(e.g.,":[11],"debugging":[12],"and":[13,51,97,142],"reverse":[14],"engineering).":[15],"Therefore,":[16],"disassemblers":[17,45,138],"represent":[18],"the":[19,54,58,72,108,119,123,126,128,135],"first":[20,55],"link":[21,56],"long":[24],"chain":[25,59],"stages":[27],"on":[28,77],"which":[29],"any":[30],"high-level":[31],"analysis":[32],"machine":[34,95],"code":[35,96],"depends":[36],"upon.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper":[40],"we":[41,88,98,113],"demonstrate":[42],"that":[43,53,121],"fail":[46],"to":[47,70,91,125],"decode":[48,92],"certain":[49],"instructions":[50],"thus":[52],"very":[61],"weak.":[62],"We":[63,131],"present":[64],"methodology,":[66],"called":[67],"N-version":[68],"disassembly,":[69],"verify":[71],"correctness":[73],"disassemblers,":[75,87,112],"based":[76],"differential":[78],"analysis.":[79],"Given":[80],"set":[82],"n":[84],"-":[85],"1":[86],"use":[89],"them":[90],"fragments":[93],"compare":[99],"their":[100],"against":[102],"each":[103,146],"other.":[104],"To":[105],"further":[106],"corroborate":[107],"these":[111],"developed":[114],"special":[116],"instruction":[117],"decoder,":[118],"nth,":[120],"delegates":[122],"decoding":[124],"CPU,":[127],"ideal":[129],"decoder.":[130],"tested":[132],"eight":[133],"most":[136],"popular":[137],"Intel":[140],"x86,":[141],"found":[143],"bugs":[144],"in":[145],"them.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}