{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138367909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1816123.1816139","title":"Translating handwritten bushman texts","display_name":"Translating handwritten bushman texts","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138367909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1816123.1816139","mag":"2138367909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1816123.1816139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1816123.1816139","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th annual joint conference on Digital libraries","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103378742","display_name":"Kyle A. Williams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009415079","display_name":"Hussein Suleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-1444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussein Suleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103378742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82778653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"109","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7694761753082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6441771984100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5386187434196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5271884202957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.48497629165649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4328674077987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.42933589220046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.4169521927833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-readable-dictionary","display_name":"Machine-readable dictionary","score":0.4146018624305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.38916152715682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06234648823738098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7694761753082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6441771984100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5386187434196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5271884202957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48497629165649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4328674077987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.42933589220046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4169521927833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44779857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327461","display_name":"Machine-readable dictionary","level":2,"score":0.4146018624305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38916152715682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06234648823738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1816123.1816139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1816123.1816139","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th annual joint conference on Digital libraries","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.428.4752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.428.4752","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.personal.psu.edu/kiw5209/papers/2010/williams_jcdl2010.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W237627875","https://openalex.org/W1604629213","https://openalex.org/W1606953891","https://openalex.org/W1974637217","https://openalex.org/W1998990759","https://openalex.org/W2009463778","https://openalex.org/W2020790773","https://openalex.org/W2024077020","https://openalex.org/W2068272887","https://openalex.org/W2079352267","https://openalex.org/W2082453965","https://openalex.org/W2111301113","https://openalex.org/W2125045217","https://openalex.org/W2143373361","https://openalex.org/W2154495259","https://openalex.org/W3013854520","https://openalex.org/W3098821875","https://openalex.org/W3139690853","https://openalex.org/W4210727048","https://openalex.org/W4238410424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186048469","https://openalex.org/W1972035260","https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2535856026","https://openalex.org/W2265065644","https://openalex.org/W3029267192","https://openalex.org/W1967509846","https://openalex.org/W4308662946","https://openalex.org/W2941073738","https://openalex.org/W4301594054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,113],"Bleek":[1,62],"and":[2,13,38,63,106],"Lloyd":[3,64],"Collection":[4],"is":[5,30,68],"a":[6,31,87,100,104],"collection":[7,29],"of":[8,15,19,52,60,75,99],"artefacts":[9],"documenting":[10],"the":[11,16,23,49,58,61,73,76,97,111],"life":[12],"language":[14,43],"Bushman":[17,42],"people":[18],"southern":[20],"Africa":[21],"in":[22,27,57],"19th":[24],"century.":[25],"Included":[26],"this":[28,85],"handwritten":[32],"dictionary":[33,46],"that":[34,55,94],"contains":[35,79],"English":[36],"words":[37,54,109],"their":[39],"corresponding":[40],"|xam":[41,53,101],"translations.":[44],"This":[45],"allows":[47,95],"for":[48,96],"manual":[50],"translation":[51],"appear":[56],"notebooks":[59],"collection.":[65],"This,":[66],"however,":[67],"not":[69],"practical":[70],"due":[71],"to":[72],"size":[74],"dictionary,":[77],"which":[78],"over":[80],"14000":[81],"entries.":[82],"To":[83],"solve":[84],"problem":[86],"content-based":[88],"image":[89],"retrieval":[90],"system":[91,114],"was":[92],"built":[93],"selection":[98],"word":[102],"from":[103,110],"notebook":[105],"returns":[107],"matching":[108],"dictionary.":[112],"shows":[115],"promise":[116],"with":[117],"some":[118],"search":[119],"keys":[120],"returning":[121],"relevant":[122],"results.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
