{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090481433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1815330.1815335","title":"Toward affine recognition of handwritten mathematical characters","display_name":"Toward affine recognition of handwritten mathematical characters","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090481433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1815330.1815335","mag":"2090481433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1815330.1815335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1815330.1815335","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090017376","display_name":"Oleg Golubitsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148186","display_name":"Google (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04d06q394","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969","https://openalex.org/I4210148186"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleg Golubitsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","Google Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042972227","display_name":"Vadim Mazalov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vadim Mazalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada","(University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082854012","display_name":"Stephen M. Watt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8303-4983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M. Watt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada","(University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9517932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"35","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6635891199111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.6208288669586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5680068135261536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.5126306414604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4837632179260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.43639498949050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3471564054489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2008841633796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08197751641273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07013201713562012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6635891199111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.6208288669586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5680068135261536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5126306414604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4837632179260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.43639498949050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3471564054489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2008841633796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08197751641273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07013201713562012}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1815330.1815335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1815330.1815335","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1774789351","https://openalex.org/W1971452976","https://openalex.org/W2011488234","https://openalex.org/W2014986661","https://openalex.org/W2050738804","https://openalex.org/W2092374206","https://openalex.org/W2104836772","https://openalex.org/W2112825088","https://openalex.org/W2114209596","https://openalex.org/W2140301238","https://openalex.org/W2146871184","https://openalex.org/W2147510700","https://openalex.org/W2165136350","https://openalex.org/W2592206328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2137866450","https://openalex.org/W2562580484","https://openalex.org/W2743212398","https://openalex.org/W3151572672","https://openalex.org/W1998599144","https://openalex.org/W2181342502","https://openalex.org/W2185993203","https://openalex.org/W2105354826","https://openalex.org/W2102813750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,17,42,76],"address":[1],"the":[2,9,58,63,68,72,88],"problem":[3],"of":[4,11,27,57,62,67,100],"handwritten":[5],"symbol":[6],"classification":[7,46],"in":[8,32,48,108],"presence":[10],"distortions":[12],"modeled":[13],"by":[14,71],"affine":[15,64,113],"transformations.":[16],"consider":[18],"shear,":[19],"rotation,":[20],"scaling":[21],"and":[22,34,61,82,103,112],"translation,":[23],"since":[24],"these":[25],"types":[26],"transformations":[28],"occur":[29],"most":[30,36,89],"often":[31],"practice,":[33],"focus":[35],"on":[37],"shear":[38],"within":[39],"this":[40],"framework.":[41],"present":[43],"a":[44,95,98],"distance-based":[45],"method,":[47],"which":[49],"feature":[50],"vectors":[51],"are":[52],"constructed":[53],"from":[54],"Legendre-Sobolev":[55],"expansions":[56],"coordinate":[59],"functions":[60],"integral":[65,85],"invariants":[66,86],"curves":[69],"given":[70],"symbol's":[73],"ink":[74],"strokes.":[75],"analyze":[77],"different":[78],"size":[79],"normalization":[80],"methods":[81],"conclude":[83],"that":[84],"provide":[87],"robust":[90],"norm.":[91],"Finally,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"new":[96],"parameterization,":[97],"combination":[99],"arc":[101],"length":[102],"time,":[104],"insensitive":[105],"to":[106],"variations":[107],"curve":[109],"tracing":[110],"speed":[111],"distortion.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
