{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013638680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1810617.1810683","title":"On the robustness of google scholar against spam","display_name":"On the robustness of google scholar against spam","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013638680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1810617.1810683","mag":"2013638680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1810617.1810683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1810617.1810683","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/01b57b22-a786-4e55-8f05-ab87f7bc725c/content","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081348430","display_name":"Joeran Beel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4537-5573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6ran Beel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA & OvGU, Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA & OvGU, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058837356","display_name":"B\u00e9la Gipp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-3019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bela Gipp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA & OvGU, Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA & OvGU, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081348430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2855,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94743265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"297","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.940787136554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6934415102005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.651334285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.6504221558570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6455099582672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6174107789993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4257379174232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3870326578617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.23110747337341309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.940787136554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6934415102005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.651334285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6504221558570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6455099582672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6174107789993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4257379174232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3870326578617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.23110747337341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1810617.1810683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1810617.1810683","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/31110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-285726","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/01b57b22-a786-4e55-8f05-ab87f7bc725c/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CHIGNELL,  Mark,  ed.. Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia : June 13 - 16, 2010, Toronto, ON, Canada. New York: ACM, 2010, pp. 297-298. ISBN 978-1-4503-0041-4. Available under: doi: 10.1145/1810617.1810683","raw_type":"doc-type:Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/106806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/106806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"no"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/31110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-285726","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/01b57b22-a786-4e55-8f05-ab87f7bc725c/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CHIGNELL,  Mark,  ed.. Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia : June 13 - 16, 2010, Toronto, ON, Canada. New York: ACM, 2010, pp. 297-298. ISBN 978-1-4503-0041-4. Available under: doi: 10.1145/1810617.1810683","raw_type":"doc-type:Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013638680.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013638680.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202878612","https://openalex.org/W204619582","https://openalex.org/W1519039476","https://openalex.org/W1556019087","https://openalex.org/W1987365175","https://openalex.org/W2065915312","https://openalex.org/W2103456180","https://openalex.org/W2108671511","https://openalex.org/W2112400959","https://openalex.org/W2114715970","https://openalex.org/W2130196635","https://openalex.org/W2130854091","https://openalex.org/W2140320055","https://openalex.org/W2145351510","https://openalex.org/W2156824306","https://openalex.org/W2169470206","https://openalex.org/W2917017013","https://openalex.org/W3150938100","https://openalex.org/W6684893857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118564381","https://openalex.org/W2163901716","https://openalex.org/W2152204162","https://openalex.org/W2739821120","https://openalex.org/W2088097596","https://openalex.org/W2150136235","https://openalex.org/W2026095310","https://openalex.org/W2140661912","https://openalex.org/W2037724912","https://openalex.org/W2056806613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"research-in-progress":[2],"paper":[3],"we":[4,14,40],"present":[5],"the":[6,30,48,62],"current":[7],"results":[8,23],"of":[9,32,61],"several":[10],"experiments":[11],"in":[12,44,58],"which":[13],"analyzed":[15],"whether":[16],"spamming":[17],"Google":[18],"Scholar":[19],"is":[20,26],"possible.":[21],"Our":[22],"show,":[24],"it":[25],"possible:":[27],"We":[28],"'improved'":[29],"ranking":[31],"articles":[33,42,49],"by":[34,54],"manipulating":[35],"their":[36],"citation":[37],"counts":[38],"and":[39],"made":[41],"appear":[43],"searchers":[45],"for":[46],"keywords":[47],"did":[50],"not":[51],"originally":[52],"contained":[53],"placing":[55],"invisible":[56],"text":[57],"modified":[59],"versions":[60],"article.":[63]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}