{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056928612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807060.1807061","title":"Differential RAID","display_name":"Differential RAID","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056928612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807060.1807061","mag":"2056928612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1807060.1807061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807060.1807061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103479147","display_name":"Mahesh Balakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA","Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016480160","display_name":"Asim Kadav","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asim Kadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison","University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021334686","display_name":"Vijayan Prabhakaran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijayan Prabhakaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA","Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038903572","display_name":"Dahlia Malkhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahlia Malkhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA","Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, La Avenida, Mountain View, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6773,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97500496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raid","display_name":"RAID","score":0.9827709197998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7791011333465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disk-array","display_name":"Disk array","score":0.5137923359870911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.4949802756309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4287261664867401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4099585711956024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.408809095621109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.34650200605392456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133320665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179299","display_name":"RAID","level":2,"score":0.9827709197998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7791011333465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13021383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228738","display_name":"Disk array","level":2,"score":0.5137923359870911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4949802756309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4287261664867401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4099585711956024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.408809095621109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.34650200605392456}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1807060.1807061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807060.1807061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995467417","https://openalex.org/W2021239737","https://openalex.org/W2024514626","https://openalex.org/W2079369525","https://openalex.org/W2133394135","https://openalex.org/W2155370145","https://openalex.org/W2163750144","https://openalex.org/W2179360174","https://openalex.org/W3198019659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996527486","https://openalex.org/W2775579341","https://openalex.org/W1592162257","https://openalex.org/W2149509970","https://openalex.org/W2275730954","https://openalex.org/W2970955506","https://openalex.org/W2559973598","https://openalex.org/W2120689903","https://openalex.org/W2044318741","https://openalex.org/W2099343066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SSDs":[0,33,189],"exhibit":[1],"very":[2],"different":[3,114],"failure":[4],"characteristics":[5],"compared":[6],"to":[7,36,110],"hard":[8],"drives.":[9],"In":[10],"particular,":[11],"the":[12,44,59,63,68,72,103,131],"bit":[13],"error":[14],"rate":[15,109],"(BER)":[16],"of":[17,65,71,95,169,184],"an":[18,89,93],"SSD":[19],"climbs":[20],"as":[21],"it":[22,157,193],"receives":[23],"more":[24,159],"writes.":[25],"As":[26],"a":[27,56,83,152,177,181,195],"result,":[28],"RAID":[29,46],"arrays":[30],"composed":[31],"from":[32,147],"are":[34,124],"subject":[35],"correlated":[37],"failures.":[38],"By":[39],"balancing":[40],"writes":[41],"evenly":[42],"across":[43,102],"array,":[45,104],"schemes":[47],"can":[48,75],"wear":[49],"out":[50],"devices":[51,74,112,123],"at":[52,113],"similar":[53],"times.":[54],"When":[55],"device":[57],"in":[58,77,92,163],"array":[60,94,183],"fails":[61],"towards":[62],"end":[64],"its":[66],"lifetime,":[67],"high":[69],"BER":[70,145],"remaining":[73],"result":[76],"data":[78,146],"loss.":[79],"We":[80,138,171],"propose":[81],"Diff-RAID,":[82],"parity-based":[84],"redundancy":[85],"solution":[86],"that":[87,156,192],"creates":[88],"age":[90,111,119],"differential":[91,120],"SSDs.":[96],"Diff-RAID":[97,129],"distributes":[98],"parity":[99,132],"blocks":[100],"unevenly":[101],"leveraging":[105],"their":[106],"higher":[107],"update":[108],"rates.":[115],"To":[116],"maintain":[117],"this":[118],"when":[121],"old":[122],"replaced":[125],"by":[126,142,166],"new":[127],"ones,":[128],"reshuffles":[130],"distribution":[133],"on":[134,151,180],"each":[135],"drive":[136],"replacement.":[137],"evaluate":[139,173],"Diff-RAID's":[140,174],"reliability":[141],"using":[143,176],"real":[144],"12":[148],"flash":[149],"chips":[150],"simulator":[153],"and":[154,190,199],"show":[155,191],"is":[158],"reliable":[160],"than":[161],"RAID-5,":[162],"some":[164],"cases":[165],"multiple":[167],"orders":[168],"magnitude.":[170],"also":[172],"performance":[175],"software":[178],"implementation":[179],"5-device":[182],"80":[185],"GB":[186],"Intel":[187],"X25-M":[188],"offers":[194],"trade-off":[196],"between":[197],"throughput":[198],"reliability.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}