{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075095917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778797","title":"Reliefs as images","display_name":"Reliefs as images","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075095917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778797","mag":"2075095917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1778765.1778797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/134253","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072827199","display_name":"Marc Alexa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-8466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Alexa","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Berlin &amp; Disney Research, Zurich","TU Berlin and Disney Research, Zurich#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Berlin &amp; Disney Research, Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140","https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Berlin and Disney Research, Zurich#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140","https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018010391","display_name":"Wojciech Matusik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-5643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Matusik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research, Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research, Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072827199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140","https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.6945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99747829,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6985985636711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.6752513647079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6518701314926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6330959796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photometric-stereo","display_name":"Photometric stereo","score":0.6213546991348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6194778084754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5921295881271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.5895912647247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.48420026898384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal","display_name":"Normal","score":0.4461628794670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"Shading","score":0.4428974390029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4417073428630829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3832370638847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2881757318973541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.18561580777168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11574941873550415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6985985636711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6752513647079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6518701314926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6330959796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44365914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120636","display_name":"Photometric stereo","level":3,"score":0.6213546991348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6194778084754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5921295881271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5895912647247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.48420026898384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118732077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273176","display_name":"Normal","level":3,"score":0.4461628794670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177515723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191981","display_name":"Shading","level":2,"score":0.4428974390029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4417073428630829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3832370638847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2881757318973541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.18561580777168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11574941873550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1778765.1778797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/134253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/134253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/134253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/134253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539790409","https://openalex.org/W1576579612","https://openalex.org/W2011681858","https://openalex.org/W2019304620","https://openalex.org/W2095243368","https://openalex.org/W2110139730","https://openalex.org/W2118304946","https://openalex.org/W2124908820","https://openalex.org/W2146714796","https://openalex.org/W2161141071","https://openalex.org/W2171692249","https://openalex.org/W2242047952","https://openalex.org/W2293760838","https://openalex.org/W2997077506","https://openalex.org/W3000113330","https://openalex.org/W3139400630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316059977","https://openalex.org/W63694318","https://openalex.org/W2043878254","https://openalex.org/W2013258419","https://openalex.org/W2033176506","https://openalex.org/W2071501285","https://openalex.org/W4223522845","https://openalex.org/W13266374","https://openalex.org/W3003300666","https://openalex.org/W2504044873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,32,100],"describe":[1],"how":[2],"to":[3,46,61],"create":[4],"relief":[5,42,104],"surfaces":[6,105],"whose":[7],"diffuse":[8,25],"reflection":[9,26],"approximates":[10],"given":[11],"images":[12,117],"under":[13,78],"known":[14],"directional":[15],"illumination.":[16],"This":[17,53],"allows":[18],"using":[19,94],"any":[20],"surface":[21,43,91],"with":[22],"a":[23,34,47],"significant":[24],"component":[27],"as":[28,73,113,115],"an":[29,95],"image":[30,77,108],"display.":[31],"propose":[33],"discrete":[35,90],"model":[36,54],"for":[37,109,118],"the":[38,41,50,56,76],"area":[39],"in":[40,49,65,80,87],"that":[44],"corresponds":[45],"pixel":[48],"desired":[51],"image.":[52],"introduces":[55],"necessary":[57],"degrees":[58],"of":[59,75],"freedom":[60],"overcome":[62],"theoretical":[63],"limitations":[64],"shape":[66],"from":[67],"shading":[68],"and":[69,83],"practical":[70],"requirements":[71],"such":[72],"stability":[74],"changes":[79],"viewing":[81],"condition":[82],"limited":[84],"overall":[85],"variation":[86],"depth.":[88],"The":[89],"is":[92],"determined":[93],"iterative":[96],"least":[97],"squares":[98],"optimization.":[99],"show":[101],"several":[102],"resulting":[103],"conveying":[106],"one":[107],"varying":[110],"lighting":[111,121],"directions":[112],"well":[114],"two":[116,119],"specific":[120],"directions.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
