{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036959650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778766","title":"The Frankencamera","display_name":"The Frankencamera","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036959650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778766","mag":"2036959650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1778765.1778766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082293572","display_name":"Andrew Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-9956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037211875","display_name":"Eino-Ville Talvala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eino-Ville Talvala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001163184","display_name":"Sung Hee Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Hee Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058544330","display_name":"David E. Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3215-4840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072479528","display_name":"Boris Ajdin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Ajdin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056744494","display_name":"Natasha Gelfand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089774","display_name":"Nokia (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/008s0t457","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210089774"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Gelfand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Research Center Palo Alto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Research Center Palo Alto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067886187","display_name":"Jennifer Dolson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Dolson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004354560","display_name":"Daniel Vaquero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-125X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Vaquero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Research Center Palo Alto and University of California, Santa Barbara","Nokia Research Center Palo Alto and University of California, Santa Barbara#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Research Center Palo Alto and University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Research Center Palo Alto and University of California, Santa Barbara#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027370880","display_name":"Jong Min Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-3821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongmin Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054947802","display_name":"Marius Tico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8052-5257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089774","display_name":"Nokia (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/008s0t457","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210089774"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Tico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Research Center Palo Alto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Research Center Palo Alto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036948222","display_name":"Hendrik P. A. Lensch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-8668"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hendrik P. A. Lensch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018010391","display_name":"Wojciech Matusik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-5643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Matusik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research, Z\u00fcrich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research, Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110266324","display_name":"Kari Pulli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089774","display_name":"Nokia (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/008s0t457","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210089774"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Pulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Research Center Palo Alto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Research Center Palo Alto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090469068","display_name":"Mark Horowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-7542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Horowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108804931","display_name":"Marc Levoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Levoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.6348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99615817,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8247323036193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6432106494903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photography","display_name":"Photography","score":0.5845792293548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-photography","display_name":"Computational photography","score":0.5808276534080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5414872169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4808672070503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.46235546469688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.44748905301094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.44178590178489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4110730290412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4058053493499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3414962887763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3370409607887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32798731327056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20305195450782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10638031363487244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8247323036193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6432106494903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119657128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633","display_name":"Photography","level":2,"score":0.5845792293548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146044194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157334","display_name":"Computational photography","level":4,"score":0.5808276534080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5414872169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4808672070503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.46235546469688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.44748905301094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.44178590178489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4110730290412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4058053493499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3414962887763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3370409607887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32798731327056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20305195450782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10638031363487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1778765.1778766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8533525769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"540872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7477783","https://openalex.org/W148570784","https://openalex.org/W1494486333","https://openalex.org/W1505723240","https://openalex.org/W1670547151","https://openalex.org/W1977594609","https://openalex.org/W1988446025","https://openalex.org/W1994547327","https://openalex.org/W2030716039","https://openalex.org/W2052200821","https://openalex.org/W2069281566","https://openalex.org/W2080701608","https://openalex.org/W2098118679","https://openalex.org/W2116361875","https://openalex.org/W2126043703","https://openalex.org/W2129243715","https://openalex.org/W2144727997","https://openalex.org/W2157048870","https://openalex.org/W2160057126","https://openalex.org/W2160451035","https://openalex.org/W2161008509","https://openalex.org/W2292978787","https://openalex.org/W2293879958","https://openalex.org/W3139167831","https://openalex.org/W4232301379","https://openalex.org/W4236119629","https://openalex.org/W4236229596","https://openalex.org/W4239119184","https://openalex.org/W4244324388","https://openalex.org/W4244705922"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361248577","https://openalex.org/W3010334531","https://openalex.org/W2804670141","https://openalex.org/W2994735104","https://openalex.org/W2027349390","https://openalex.org/W1983639621","https://openalex.org/W2188751381","https://openalex.org/W1988828630","https://openalex.org/W1997064583","https://openalex.org/W2802215956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"there":[1],"has":[2,16],"been":[3,17],"much":[4],"interest":[5],"in":[6],"computational":[7,126,182],"photography":[8,13,127],"within":[9],"the":[10,20,51,78,85,92,157],"research":[11],"and":[12,31,41,46,66,75,80,96,102,109,111,131,135,150,159,164,179],"communities,":[14],"progress":[15],"hampered":[18],"by":[19],"lack":[21],"of":[22,55,77,139,173],"a":[23,56,60,167,171],"portable,":[24],"programmable":[25],"camera":[26],"with":[27],"sufficient":[28],"image":[29,81],"quality":[30],"computing":[32],"power.":[33],"To":[34],"address":[35],"this":[36],"problem,":[37],"we":[38,117,123],"have":[39,118],"designed":[40],"implemented":[42],"an":[43,67],"open":[44],"architecture":[45,72,108,158],"API":[47,68],"for":[48,69,181],"such":[49],"cameras:":[50],"Frankencamera.":[52],"It":[53],"consists":[54],"base":[57],"hardware":[58,99,180],"specification,":[59],"software":[61],"stack":[62],"based":[63],"on":[64],"Linux,":[65],"C++.":[70],"Our":[71,152],"permits":[73],"control":[74],"synchronization":[76],"sensor":[79],"processing":[82],"pipeline":[83],"at":[84],"microsecond":[86],"time":[87],"scale,":[88],"as":[89,91,166],"well":[90],"ability":[93],"to":[94,155,162],"incorporate":[95],"synchronize":[97],"external":[98],"like":[100],"lenses":[101],"flashes.":[103],"This":[104],"paper":[105],"specifies":[106],"our":[107],"API,":[110],"it":[112],"describes":[113],"two":[114],"reference":[115],"implementations":[116,122],"built.":[119],"Using":[120],"these":[121],"demonstrate":[124],"six":[125],"applications:":[128],"HDR":[129],"viewfinding":[130,134],"capture,":[132,136],"low-light":[133],"automated":[137],"acquisition":[138],"extended":[140],"dynamic":[141],"range":[142],"panoramas,":[143],"foveal":[144],"imaging,":[145],"IMU-based":[146],"hand":[147],"shake":[148],"detection,":[149],"rephotography.":[151],"goal":[153],"is":[154],"standardize":[156],"distribute":[160],"Frankencameras":[161],"researchers":[163],"students,":[165],"step":[168],"towards":[169],"creating":[170],"community":[172],"photographer-programmers":[174],"who":[175],"develop":[176],"algorithms,":[177],"applications,":[178],"cameras.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}