{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002568360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1774088.1774546","title":"Dynamic contract layers","display_name":"Dynamic contract layers","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002568360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1774088.1774546","mag":"2002568360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1774088.1774546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1774088.1774546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079160871","display_name":"Robert Hirschfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-6003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Hirschfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Germany","University of Potsdam, Germany, ("],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany, (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009115293","display_name":"Michael Perscheid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Perscheid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Germany","University of Potsdam, Germany, ("],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany, (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021849082","display_name":"Christian Schubert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-942X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Schubert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Germany","University of Potsdam, Germany, ("],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany, (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043362384","display_name":"Malte Appeltauer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malte Appeltauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Germany","University of Potsdam, Germany, ("],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany, (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079160871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94962865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2169","last_page":"2175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.7719391584396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-by-contract","display_name":"Design by contract","score":0.7666563987731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.7248961329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6819288730621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.6329543590545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6191704273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6175644397735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6143354773521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.47278571128845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compile-time","display_name":"Compile time","score":0.4711650311946869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4110639989376068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.1547607183456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.0758068859577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.07005229592323303}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.7719391584396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80291951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200691","display_name":"Design by contract","level":5,"score":0.7666563987731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7248961329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6819288730621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6329543590545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6191704273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6175644397735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6143354773521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.47278571128845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200833197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333707","display_name":"Compile time","level":3,"score":0.4711650311946869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4110639989376068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.1547607183456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0758068859577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.07005229592323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1774088.1774546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1774088.1774546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61997153","https://openalex.org/W956539890","https://openalex.org/W1531869376","https://openalex.org/W1555946950","https://openalex.org/W1556513858","https://openalex.org/W1574060188","https://openalex.org/W1584704555","https://openalex.org/W1601712140","https://openalex.org/W1610570299","https://openalex.org/W1992443356","https://openalex.org/W2029414465","https://openalex.org/W2052363833","https://openalex.org/W2087175184","https://openalex.org/W2090496119","https://openalex.org/W2105142318","https://openalex.org/W2111706174","https://openalex.org/W2118399307","https://openalex.org/W2125682153","https://openalex.org/W2143238865","https://openalex.org/W2144114063","https://openalex.org/W2146987093","https://openalex.org/W2150275961","https://openalex.org/W2161825580","https://openalex.org/W2164859807","https://openalex.org/W2165121897","https://openalex.org/W2172169742","https://openalex.org/W2803343605","https://openalex.org/W3128889863","https://openalex.org/W3146075203","https://openalex.org/W4251912342","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371266106","https://openalex.org/W2117382851","https://openalex.org/W3006505070","https://openalex.org/W2382449560","https://openalex.org/W2767298477","https://openalex.org/W2110432562","https://openalex.org/W2117864619","https://openalex.org/W2025344","https://openalex.org/W2090337950","https://openalex.org/W2104121286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Design":[0],"by":[1],"Contract":[2,44],"(DBC)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,34],"programming":[6],"technique":[7],"to":[8,25,69,81],"separate":[9],"contract":[10],"enforcement":[11,45],"from":[12,42],"application":[13],"code.":[14],"DBC":[15,39],"provides":[16],"information":[17],"about":[18],"the":[19,28,70,82],"applicability":[20],"of":[21,33,73],"methods":[22],"and":[23,60,75],"helps":[24],"narrow":[26],"down":[27],"search":[29],"space":[30],"in":[31,64],"case":[32],"software":[35],"failure.":[36],"However,":[37],"most":[38],"implementations":[40],"suffer":[41],"inflexibility:":[43],"can":[46],"only":[47],"be":[48,62,78],"activated":[49],"or":[50,54],"deactivated":[51],"at":[52],"compile-time":[53],"start-up,":[55],"contracts":[56,76],"are":[57],"checked":[58],"globally":[59],"cannot":[61,77],"restricted":[63],"their":[65],"scope":[66],"such":[67],"as":[68],"current":[71],"thread":[72],"execution,":[74],"grouped":[79],"according":[80],"concerns":[83],"they":[84],"relate":[85],"to.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}