{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999517284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1772954.1772985","title":"Level by level","display_name":"Level by level","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999517284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1772954.1772985","mag":"1999517284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1772954.1772985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1772954.1772985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th annual IEEE/ACM international symposium on Code generation and optimization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110344672","display_name":"Hongtao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-8580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","[Institute Of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute Of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024664385","display_name":"Jingling Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-3506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingling Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050683592","display_name":"Wei Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7121-1196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","[Institute Of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute Of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053070701","display_name":"Xiaobing Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2909-7750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobing Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","[Institute Of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute Of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042565448","display_name":"Zhao-Qing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6145-419X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","[Institute Of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute Of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110344672"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.7875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99175796,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"218","last_page":"229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer-analysis","display_name":"Pointer analysis","score":0.8984257578849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8220772743225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","score":0.7905259132385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6588521003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38549914956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3812101483345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3709300756454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.3329556882381439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.136121928691864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09188249707221985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7263679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5978076","display_name":"Pointer analysis","level":3,"score":0.8984257578849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8220772743225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150202949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107602","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","level":2,"score":0.7905259132385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6588521003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38549914956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3812101483345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3709300756454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.3329556882381439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.136121928691864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09188249707221985}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1772954.1772985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1772954.1772985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th annual IEEE/ACM international symposium on Code generation and optimization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102938554","https://openalex.org/W632712403","https://openalex.org/W1518169998","https://openalex.org/W1727650458","https://openalex.org/W1891117775","https://openalex.org/W1965604953","https://openalex.org/W1972427803","https://openalex.org/W1974604404","https://openalex.org/W1975914482","https://openalex.org/W1982205631","https://openalex.org/W1996146601","https://openalex.org/W2002771912","https://openalex.org/W2036208810","https://openalex.org/W2048639238","https://openalex.org/W2050320220","https://openalex.org/W2080267935","https://openalex.org/W2087612811","https://openalex.org/W2110780253","https://openalex.org/W2122751766","https://openalex.org/W2127929122","https://openalex.org/W2131135493","https://openalex.org/W2138378640","https://openalex.org/W2149237601","https://openalex.org/W2151360539","https://openalex.org/W2153269672","https://openalex.org/W2154847114","https://openalex.org/W2158600037","https://openalex.org/W2914074464","https://openalex.org/W3004911069","https://openalex.org/W4250522981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241634182","https://openalex.org/W2562644159","https://openalex.org/W2213281886","https://openalex.org/W2097031842","https://openalex.org/W4253674459","https://openalex.org/W82217049","https://openalex.org/W1889944642","https://openalex.org/W23987500","https://openalex.org/W1996238228","https://openalex.org/W2099921991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,23,42,92,103,108],"practical":[3],"and":[4,9,59,82,95,98,107],"scalable":[5],"method":[6,18],"for":[7,14,111],"flow-":[8],"context-sensitive":[10,100],"(FSCS)":[11],"pointer":[12,72],"analysis":[13,73,85,101],"C":[15],"programs.":[16],"Our":[17],"analyzes":[19],"the":[20,35,39,50,54,67,70],"pointers":[21,40,55],"in":[22,28,74],"program":[24],"level":[25,27,44,58],"by":[26,78],"terms":[29],"of":[30,38,53,69],"their":[31],"points-to":[32,36,51],"levels,":[33],"allowing":[34],"relations":[37,52],"at":[41,56],"particular":[43],"to":[45],"be":[46],"discovered":[47],"based":[48],"on":[49,86],"this":[57],"higher":[60],"levels.":[61],"This":[62],"level-by-level":[63],"strategy":[64],"can":[65],"enhance":[66],"scalability":[68],"FSCS":[71],"two":[75],"fundamental":[76],"ways,":[77],"enabling":[79],"(1)":[80],"fast":[81,97],"accurate":[83,99],"flow-sensitive":[84],"full":[87,104],"sparse":[88],"SSA":[89],"form":[90],"using":[91,102],"flow-insensitive":[93],"algorithm":[94],"(2)":[96],"transfer":[105],"function":[106,110],"meet":[109],"each":[112],"procedure.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}