{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007650658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1743666.1743708","title":"Pupil center detection in low resolution images","display_name":"Pupil center detection in low resolution images","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007650658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1743666.1743708","mag":"2007650658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1743666.1743708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1743666.1743708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research &amp; Applications - ETRA '10","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110340980","display_name":"Detlev Droege","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153937","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Koblenz","ror":"https://ror.org/0433e6t24","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153937"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Detlev Droege","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Koblenz-Landau","University of Koblenz\u2010Landau"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Koblenz-Landau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I4387153937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Koblenz\u2010Landau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I4387153937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008718172","display_name":"Dietrich Paulus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153937","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Koblenz","ror":"https://ror.org/0433e6t24","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153937"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dietrich Paulus","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Koblenz-Landau","University of Koblenz\u2010Landau"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Koblenz-Landau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I4387153937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Koblenz\u2010Landau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I4387153937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110340980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I4387153937"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75163581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"169","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8085474967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7069494724273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6665005683898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.6638613343238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.524451494216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.4807726740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.47986477613449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4795115292072296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-optics","display_name":"Adaptive optics","score":0.4642987847328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4479764997959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resolution","display_name":"Low resolution","score":0.4270518124103546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.4188492000102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.10933244228363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10064396262168884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8085474967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7069494724273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6665005683898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.6638613343238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.524451494216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4807726740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.47986477613449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4795115292072296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132771110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506922","display_name":"Adaptive optics","level":2,"score":0.4642987847328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4479764997959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019883945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Low resolution","level":3,"score":0.4270518124103546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.4188492000102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.10933244228363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10064396262168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1743666.1743708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1743666.1743708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research &amp; Applications - ETRA '10","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974821667","https://openalex.org/W1998529663","https://openalex.org/W2030770956","https://openalex.org/W2031781307","https://openalex.org/W2068869614","https://openalex.org/W2069031758","https://openalex.org/W2107956149","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2168563234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121300814","https://openalex.org/W4234406076","https://openalex.org/W1886613375","https://openalex.org/W4250583430","https://openalex.org/W2010731026","https://openalex.org/W2360893094","https://openalex.org/W4236036386","https://openalex.org/W3091442679","https://openalex.org/W2591813577","https://openalex.org/W4234773973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"some":[1],"situations,":[2],"high":[3,31],"quality":[4],"eye":[5],"tracking":[6],"systems":[7,17,33],"are":[8,87],"not":[9,35],"affordable.":[10],"This":[11],"generates":[12],"the":[13,22],"demand":[14],"for":[15,30],"inexpensive":[16],"built":[18],"upon":[19],"non-specialized,":[20],"off":[21],"shelf":[23],"devices.":[24],"Investigations":[25],"show":[26],"that":[27],"algorithms":[28,47],"developed":[29],"resolution":[32,43,53],"do":[34],"perform":[36],"satisfactorily":[37],"on":[38,57],"such":[39,51],"lowcost":[40],"and":[41,70],"low":[42,52],"systems.":[44],"We":[45],"investigate":[46],"specifically":[48],"tailored":[49],"to":[50,72],"input":[54,91],"devices,":[55],"based":[56,74],"combinations":[58],"of":[59],"different":[60],"strategies.":[61],"An":[62],"approach":[63],"called":[64],"gradient":[65],"direction":[66],"consensus":[67],"is":[68],"introduced":[69],"compared":[71,88],"image":[73],"correlation":[75],"with":[76,93],"adaptive":[77],"templates":[78],"as":[79,81],"well":[80],"other":[82],"known":[83,94],"methods.":[84],"The":[85],"results":[86],"using":[89],"synthetic":[90],"data":[92],"ground":[95],"truth.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
