{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042529665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1735997.1735999","title":"Looking beyond a singularity","display_name":"Looking beyond a singularity","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042529665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1735997.1735999","mag":"2042529665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1735997.1735999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1735997.1735999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109068256","display_name":"Galen Hunt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Galen C. Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109068256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14651499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9128000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9128000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7039592266082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.6490231156349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.6097174882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restructuring","display_name":"Restructuring","score":0.5479509830474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5443453788757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.47914642095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.470714271068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singularity","display_name":"Singularity","score":0.42835506796836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3068484663963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.136593759059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7039592266082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.6490231156349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.6097174882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.5479509830474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5443453788757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.47914642095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.470714271068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16171025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863349","display_name":"Singularity","level":2,"score":0.42835506796836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3068484663963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.136593759059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1735997.1735999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1735997.1735999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376397586","https://openalex.org/W590788508","https://openalex.org/W2377702023","https://openalex.org/W4235873430","https://openalex.org/W2376263261","https://openalex.org/W2611974471","https://openalex.org/W4313233093","https://openalex.org/W2358082531","https://openalex.org/W2339564564","https://openalex.org/W2589976903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"does":[1],"one":[2],"build":[3,36,110],"a":[4,37,58,83,126],"truly":[5,129],"dependable":[6],"software":[7,31,139],"system?":[8],"Seven":[9],"years":[10],"ago,":[11],"Microsoft":[12,75],"Research":[13],"started":[14],"the":[15,28,44,61,65],"Singularity":[16,87],"project":[17],"to":[18,25,35,51,109],"answer":[19],"this":[20],"question.":[21],"The":[22,47],"premise":[23],"was":[24,50],"start":[26],"with":[27],"best":[29],"known":[30],"development":[32],"tools":[33,134],"and":[34,57,67,89,98,132],"new":[38,133],"kind":[39],"of":[40,64,86],"operating":[41,48,76,112],"system":[42,49,113,127],"from":[43],"ground":[45],"up.":[46],"be":[52],"both":[53,96],"an":[54,111],"output":[55],"artifact":[56],"laboratory":[59],"for":[60,123,128,135],"research.":[62],"Portions":[63],"code":[66],"ideas":[68],"have":[69],"been":[70,121],"incorporated":[71],"into":[72],"three":[73],"separate":[74],"systems":[77],"so":[78],"far.":[79],"I":[80,100],"will":[81,101],"give":[82],"brief":[84],"overview":[85],"planned":[88],"built,":[90],"then":[91],"describe":[92],"what":[93],"we":[94],"learned,":[95],"positive":[97],"negative.":[99],"speculate":[102],"on":[103],"OS":[104],"futures":[105],"including":[106],"current":[107],"research":[108],"in":[114],"which":[115],"every":[116],"last":[117],"assembly":[118],"instruction":[119],"has":[120],"verified":[122],"type":[124],"safety,":[125],"mobile":[130],"computation,":[131],"automatically":[136],"restructuring":[137],"large":[138],"systems.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
