{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080645774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1731011.1731021","title":"Comparisons of randomization and K-degree anonymization schemes for privacy preserving social network publishing","display_name":"Comparisons of randomization and K-degree anonymization schemes for privacy preserving social network publishing","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080645774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1731011.1731021","mag":"2080645774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1731011.1731021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1731011.1731021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Social Network Mining and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013933037","display_name":"Xiaowei Ying","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte","University of North Carolina at Charlotte*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065558554","display_name":"Kai Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-5348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte","University of North Carolina at Charlotte*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008463509","display_name":"Xintao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2823-3063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte","University of North Carolina at Charlotte*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101617986","display_name":"Ling Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-3416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte","University of North Carolina at Charlotte*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.7859246730804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7413972616195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.617703378200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.5093525648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.47885584831237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4717232584953308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.445403516292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4409814774990082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.4335940480232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4330786168575287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.4145696759223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4030231833457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37340980768203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3380212187767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.1448531448841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09586736559867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08825424313545227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.7859246730804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7413972616195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.617703378200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.5093525648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.47885584831237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4717232584953308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.445403516292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4409814774990082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.4335940480232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4330786168575287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.4145696759223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4030231833457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37340980768203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3380212187767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.1448531448841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09586736559867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08825424313545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1731011.1731021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1731011.1731021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Social Network Mining and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.215.6877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.215.6877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uncc.edu/~xwu/publ/sna-kdd09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2188865472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-0546027CNS-0831204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","funder_display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5316012279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-0546027CNS-0831204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/053a2cp42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20667085","https://openalex.org/W144928601","https://openalex.org/W175854469","https://openalex.org/W1489520413","https://openalex.org/W1498410333","https://openalex.org/W1544573083","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1977843657","https://openalex.org/W1978558026","https://openalex.org/W1998091733","https://openalex.org/W2019047955","https://openalex.org/W2029173860","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2094078156","https://openalex.org/W2096296626","https://openalex.org/W2097391913","https://openalex.org/W2114353347","https://openalex.org/W2119404697","https://openalex.org/W2122278421","https://openalex.org/W2122710250","https://openalex.org/W2124849257","https://openalex.org/W2138170960","https://openalex.org/W2152284345","https://openalex.org/W2161903623","https://openalex.org/W2162691596","https://openalex.org/W2163263459","https://openalex.org/W2420733993","https://openalex.org/W2432978112","https://openalex.org/W4206681098","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195032220","https://openalex.org/W4387988068","https://openalex.org/W2182490965","https://openalex.org/W3207647479","https://openalex.org/W3022534164","https://openalex.org/W2138522421","https://openalex.org/W3046095319","https://openalex.org/W3197497514","https://openalex.org/W1591172238","https://openalex.org/W2111194702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"applications":[1],"of":[2,18,31,39,52,98,105,122,127],"social":[3],"networks":[4],"require":[5],"identity":[6,87],"and/or":[7],"relationship":[8],"anonymity":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11],"the":[12,28,36,40,50,53,103,114],"sensitive,":[13],"stigmatizing,":[14],"or":[15],"confidential":[16],"nature":[17],"user":[19],"identities":[20,80],"and":[21,81,89,125],"their":[22],"behaviors.":[23],"Recent":[24],"work":[25],"showed":[26],"that":[27],"simple":[29],"technique":[30],"anonymizing":[32],"graphs":[33],"by":[34,59],"replacing":[35],"identifying":[37],"information":[38],"nodes":[41,54],"with":[42,113],"random":[43],"ids":[44],"does":[45],"not":[46],"guarantee":[47],"privacy":[48,128],"since":[49],"identification":[51],"can":[55,77],"be":[56],"seriously":[57],"jeopardized":[58],"applying":[60],"background":[61,99],"based":[62,73],"attacks.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"investigate":[68],"how":[69],"well":[70],"an":[71],"edge":[72],"graph":[74],"randomization":[75],"approach":[76],"protect":[78],"node":[79],"sensitive":[82],"links.":[83],"We":[84,108],"quantify":[85],"both":[86,123],"disclosure":[88,91],"link":[90],"when":[92],"adversaries":[93],"have":[94],"one":[95],"specific":[96],"type":[97],"knowledge":[100],"(i.e.,":[101],"knowing":[102],"degrees":[104],"target":[106],"individuals).":[107],"also":[109],"conduct":[110],"empirical":[111],"comparisons":[112],"recently":[115],"proposed":[116],"K-degree":[117],"anonymization":[118],"schemes":[119],"in":[120],"terms":[121],"utility":[124],"risks":[126],"disclosures.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}