{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125640276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723154","title":"Voter insertion algorithms for FPGA designs using triple modular redundancy","display_name":"Voter insertion algorithms for FPGA designs using triple modular redundancy","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125640276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723154","mag":"2125640276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1723112.1723154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002515876","display_name":"Jonathan Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan M. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Provo, UT, USA","Brigham Young University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Provo, UT, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Provo, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Provo, UT, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041342112","display_name":"Michael Wirthlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0328-6713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Wirthlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Provo, UT, USA","Brigham Young University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Provo, UT, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Provo, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Provo, UT, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002515876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93072222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"249","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triple-modular-redundancy","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","score":0.9127763509750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7960977554321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7156175374984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5909002423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5533164739608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5187497138977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4221360981464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40841779112815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3581583499908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1254042088985443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08361020684242249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196371267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3998979","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","level":3,"score":0.9127763509750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7960977554321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7156175374984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5909002423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5533164739608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5187497138977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4221360981464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40841779112815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3581583499908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1254042088985443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08361020684242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1723112.1723154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48552920","https://openalex.org/W1504339380","https://openalex.org/W1983942558","https://openalex.org/W2058702778","https://openalex.org/W2070745908","https://openalex.org/W2075410688","https://openalex.org/W2099760530","https://openalex.org/W2153930259","https://openalex.org/W2163131937","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2534652523","https://openalex.org/W6644040475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355714776","https://openalex.org/W2797678940","https://openalex.org/W4286354899","https://openalex.org/W2061448542","https://openalex.org/W2359816675","https://openalex.org/W2546546879","https://openalex.org/W2768966772","https://openalex.org/W3217341593","https://openalex.org/W2069484989","https://openalex.org/W2776397918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Triple":[0],"Modular":[1],"Redundancy":[2],"(TMR)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,81,115,128,139],"common":[6],"reliability":[7],"technique":[8],"for":[9,63],"mitigating":[10],"single":[11],"event":[12],"upsets":[13],"(SEUs)":[14],"in":[15,19,33,110],"FPGA":[16,23],"designs":[17],"operating":[18],"radiation":[20],"environments.":[21],"For":[22],"systems":[24],"that":[25,93],"employ":[26],"configuration":[27],"scrubbing,":[28],"majority":[29],"voters":[30,66],"are":[31],"needed":[32],"all":[34],"feedback":[35],"paths":[36],"to":[37],"ensure":[38],"proper":[39],"synchronization":[40,65],"between":[41],"the":[42,96,99],"TMR":[43],"replicates.":[44],"Synchronization":[45],"voters,":[46],"however,":[47],"consume":[48],"additional":[49],"resources":[50],"and":[51,59,74],"impact":[52,76],"system":[53],"timing.":[54],"This":[55,89],"paper":[56,90],"will":[57,86,91],"introduce":[58],"contrast":[60],"four":[61],"algorithms":[62,97],"inserting":[64],"while":[67],"automatically":[68],"performing":[69],"TMR.":[70],"The":[71],"area":[72,125,136],"cost":[73,132],"timing":[75,102,131],"of":[77,83,95],"each":[78],"algorithm":[79,121],"on":[80],"number":[82],"circuit":[84],"benchmarks":[85],"be":[87],"reported.":[88],"demonstrate":[92],"one":[94],"provides":[98,122],"best":[100],"overall":[101],"performance":[103],"results":[104,126],"with":[105],"an":[106],"average":[107,134],"9.8%":[108],"increase":[109,137],"critical":[111],"path":[112],"length":[113],"over":[114,138],"triplicated":[116,140],"design":[117,141],"without":[118,142],"voters.":[119],"Another":[120],"far":[123],"better":[124],"at":[127],"slightly":[129],"higher":[130],"(an":[133],"2.1%":[135],"voters).":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}