{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971020261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723147","title":"Haptic rendering of deformable objects using a multiple FPGA parallel computing architecture","display_name":"Haptic rendering of deformable objects using a multiple FPGA parallel computing architecture","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971020261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723147","mag":"1971020261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1723112.1723147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028278655","display_name":"Behzad Mahdavikhah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Mahdavikhah","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","[McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043135277","display_name":"Ramin Mafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-7955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramin Mafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","[McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090620818","display_name":"Shahin Sirouspour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahin Sirouspour","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","[McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048457847","display_name":"Nicola Nicolici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-5908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Nicolici","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","[McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028278655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08741945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"189","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7977311611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7686933279037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.7027832865715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5592327117919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","score":0.5175737142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5043209791183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.49681785702705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.42719462513923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2723838984966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.1899343729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17903169989585876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7977311611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7686933279037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.7027832865715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5592327117919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.5175737142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5043209791183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.49681785702705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.42719462513923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2723838984966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.1899343729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17903169989585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1723112.1723147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W992733592","https://openalex.org/W1506342804","https://openalex.org/W1515864807","https://openalex.org/W1523532434","https://openalex.org/W1552108359","https://openalex.org/W1559242836","https://openalex.org/W1568836645","https://openalex.org/W1573186872","https://openalex.org/W1764984001","https://openalex.org/W1855363286","https://openalex.org/W1872842222","https://openalex.org/W1981252059","https://openalex.org/W2047475418","https://openalex.org/W2098602979","https://openalex.org/W2098841537","https://openalex.org/W2128853364","https://openalex.org/W2129494071","https://openalex.org/W2133027790","https://openalex.org/W2133181583","https://openalex.org/W2133823800","https://openalex.org/W2138600685","https://openalex.org/W2141430965","https://openalex.org/W2141654056","https://openalex.org/W2142169556","https://openalex.org/W2146369740","https://openalex.org/W2146871484","https://openalex.org/W2172236994","https://openalex.org/W3128942091","https://openalex.org/W3157497384","https://openalex.org/W4234793477","https://openalex.org/W4244064080","https://openalex.org/W6634379994","https://openalex.org/W6681752231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W156716224","https://openalex.org/W2111871955","https://openalex.org/W3175380930","https://openalex.org/W1989694608","https://openalex.org/W2139876914","https://openalex.org/W1986738380","https://openalex.org/W2642061445","https://openalex.org/W4233260495","https://openalex.org/W3094485622","https://openalex.org/W3001080452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-fidelity":[0],"simulations":[1],"of":[2,23,30,50,67,88,95,108,129,137,144],"haptic":[3,63,130],"interaction":[4,131],"with":[5,132],"deformable":[6],"objects":[7],"is":[8,17,70,106],"computationally":[9],"challenging.":[10],"In":[11],"this":[12,96],"paper,":[13],"hardwarebased":[14],"parallel":[15],"computing":[16,91],"proposed":[18],"for":[19,61],"finite-element":[20],"(FE)":[21],"analysis":[22],"soft-object":[24],"deformation":[25],"models.":[26],"A":[27],"distributed":[28],"implementation":[29,94],"the":[31,47,68,74,78],"Preconditioned":[32],"Conjugate":[33],"Gradient":[34],"(PCG)":[35],"algorithms":[36],"on":[37,100],"N":[38],"Field":[39],"Programmable":[40],"Gate":[41],"Array":[42],"(FPGA)":[43],"devices":[44,105],"can":[45],"solve":[46],"large":[48,86],"system":[49],"equations":[51],"arising":[52],"from":[53],"FE":[54,135],"models":[55,153],"at":[56,80,140],"high":[57],"update":[58,142],"rates":[59],"required":[60],"stable":[62],"interaction.":[64],"Massive":[65],"parallelization":[66],"computations":[69],"achieved":[71],"by":[72,118],"customizing":[73],"hardware":[75,98],"architecture":[76,123],"to":[77],"problem":[79],"hand":[81],"and":[82,149],"concurrently":[83],"employing":[84],"a":[85,133],"number":[87],"adaptive":[89],"fixed-point":[90],"units.":[92],"An":[93],"scalable":[97],"accelerator":[99],"four":[101],"Altera":[102],"EP3SE110":[103],"FPGA":[104],"capable":[107],"performing":[109],"230.4":[110],"Giga":[111],"Operations":[112],"per":[113],"second":[114],"in":[115],"Sparse":[116],"Matrix":[117],"Vector":[119],"(SpMxV)":[120],"multiplication.":[121],"This":[122],"has":[124],"successfully":[125,156],"enabled":[126],"real-time":[127],"simulation":[128],"3-dimensional":[134],"model":[136],"6000":[138],"nodes":[139],"an":[141],"rate":[143],"200":[145],"Hz.":[146],"Both":[147],"static":[148],"dynamic":[150],"linear":[151],"elastic":[152],"have":[154],"been":[155],"simulated.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}