{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007749646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723142","title":"A comprehensive approach to modeling, characterizing and optimizing for metastability in FPGAs","display_name":"A comprehensive approach to modeling, characterizing and optimizing for metastability in FPGAs","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007749646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723142","mag":"2007749646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1723112.1723142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723142","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072982476","display_name":"Doris Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-0280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150916","display_name":"Alterra Power (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kzfav20","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Doris Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038572733","display_name":"Deshanand P. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4968-4343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150916","display_name":"Alterra Power (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kzfav20","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deshanand Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041764533","display_name":"Jeffrey Chromczak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150916","display_name":"Alterra Power (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kzfav20","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Chromczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102968798","display_name":"David Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8126-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150916","display_name":"Alterra Power (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kzfav20","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108421902","display_name":"Ryan Fung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150916","display_name":"Alterra Power (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kzfav20","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007967887","display_name":"David Neto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150916","display_name":"Alterra Power (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kzfav20","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Neto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030184404","display_name":"Vaughn Betz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-6493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150916","display_name":"Alterra Power (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kzfav20","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaughn Betz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072982476"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88751247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastability","display_name":"Metastability","score":0.8424309492111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7274109721183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6623075008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.6542044281959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6393150091171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5271636843681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4085184633731842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.19948002696037292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15893253684043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1188538670539856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849516","display_name":"Metastability","level":2,"score":0.8424309492111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7274109721183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6623075008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.6542044281959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6393150091171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5271636843681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4085184633731842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.19948002696037292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15893253684043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1188538670539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1723112.1723142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1723112.1723142","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.308.6253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.308.6253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecg.toronto.edu/~vaughn/papers/fpga2010_metastability.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523051745","https://openalex.org/W1966436625","https://openalex.org/W2007675081","https://openalex.org/W2036460278","https://openalex.org/W2043271913","https://openalex.org/W2127614267","https://openalex.org/W2128223917","https://openalex.org/W2564289741","https://openalex.org/W6660966590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041594833","https://openalex.org/W2365743651","https://openalex.org/W3084863322","https://openalex.org/W2093683727","https://openalex.org/W2082553879","https://openalex.org/W2303302420","https://openalex.org/W2367372208","https://openalex.org/W2006363920","https://openalex.org/W2521877348","https://openalex.org/W4309735819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metastability":[0],"is":[1,30],"a":[2,70,87,149],"phenomenon":[3],"that":[4,117,127,141],"can":[5,143],"cause":[6],"system":[7],"failures":[8],"in":[9,82,124],"digital":[10],"circuits.":[11],"It":[12],"may":[13],"occur":[14],"whenever":[15],"signals":[16],"are":[17,46,53],"being":[18],"transmitted":[19],"across":[20],"asynchronous":[21],"or":[22],"unrelated":[23],"clock":[24],"domains.":[25],"The":[26],"impact":[27],"of":[28,73,90,148,152,158],"metastability":[29,80,113,146],"increasing":[31],"as":[32],"process":[33,63],"geometries":[34],"shrink":[35],"and":[36,78,92,101,115,130],"supply":[37],"voltages":[38],"drop":[39],"faster":[40],"than":[41],"transistor":[42],"Vts.":[43],"FPGA":[44],"technologies":[45],"significantly":[47],"affected":[48],"since":[49],"leading":[50],"edge":[51],"FPGAs":[52],"amongst":[54],"the":[55,60,94,119,145],"first":[56,85],"devices":[57],"to":[58],"adopt":[59],"most":[61],"recent":[62],"nodes.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66,125],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,105,139,142],"present":[69],"comprehensive":[71],"suite":[72,151],"techniques":[74],"for":[75],"modeling,":[76],"characterizing":[77],"optimizing":[79],"effects":[81],"FPGAs.":[83],"We":[84],"discuss":[86],"theoretical":[88],"model":[89],"metastability,":[91],"verify":[93],"predictions":[95],"using":[96],"both":[97,128],"circuit":[98],"level":[99],"simulations":[100],"board":[102],"measurements.":[103],"Next":[104],"show":[106,140],"how":[107],"designers":[108],"have":[109],"traditionally":[110],"dealt":[111],"with":[112,118,161],"problems":[114],"contrast":[116],"automatic":[120],"CAD":[121],"algorithms":[122],"described":[123],"paper":[126],"analyze":[129],"optimize":[131],"metastability-related":[132],"issues.":[133],"Through":[134],"our":[135,162],"detailed":[136],"experimental":[137],"results,":[138],"improve":[144],"characteristics":[147],"large":[150],"industrial":[153],"benchmarks":[154],"by":[155],"an":[156],"average":[157],"268,000":[159],"times":[160],"optimization":[163],"techniques.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
