{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152208588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1670252.1670274","title":"3D face model reconstruction from single 2D frontal image","display_name":"3D face model reconstruction from single 2D frontal image","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152208588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1670252.1670274","mag":"2152208588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1670252.1670274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1670252.1670274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seung-Yeob Baek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Yeob Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024464397","display_name":"Byoung-Youn Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byoung-Youn Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101539601","display_name":"Kunwoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-2104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunwoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91179568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"95","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7961403131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7753442525863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.753543496131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6785227060317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6707207560539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.5836179852485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-modeling","display_name":"Solid modeling","score":0.539486289024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.47404739260673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.4613291323184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-modeling","display_name":"3D modeling","score":0.4461475610733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4454513192176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.44438180327415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.43870583176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43662041425704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4351688623428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.3781980276107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.23292607069015503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7961403131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7753442525863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.753543496131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6785227060317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6707207560539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.5836179852485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.539486289024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.47404739260673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.4613291323184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777897806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3D modeling","level":2,"score":0.4461475610733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4454513192176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.44438180327415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.43870583176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43662041425704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4351688623428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.3781980276107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.23292607069015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1670252.1670274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1670252.1670274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22745672","https://openalex.org/W1511229711","https://openalex.org/W1555148682","https://openalex.org/W1977758817","https://openalex.org/W1991255081","https://openalex.org/W1992912455","https://openalex.org/W2030283129","https://openalex.org/W2030668560","https://openalex.org/W2031060240","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2042831519","https://openalex.org/W2047921995","https://openalex.org/W2103648137","https://openalex.org/W2106223633","https://openalex.org/W2120479295","https://openalex.org/W2127267042","https://openalex.org/W2129515371","https://openalex.org/W2132907950","https://openalex.org/W2143249540","https://openalex.org/W2181543060","https://openalex.org/W2236592196","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2596164567","https://openalex.org/W2911967907","https://openalex.org/W3044030936","https://openalex.org/W3144989723","https://openalex.org/W3165053832","https://openalex.org/W4238043473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2143937453","https://openalex.org/W4244364093","https://openalex.org/W4401628712","https://openalex.org/W2952596593","https://openalex.org/W1516855581","https://openalex.org/W4241461558","https://openalex.org/W1831484856","https://openalex.org/W2077344030","https://openalex.org/W1995664640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modeling":[0],"a":[1,7,64,74,83,137,151,160],"3D":[2,76,166],"face":[3,9,31,67,77],"model":[4,28,78],"that":[5,37,70,186],"resembles":[6],"human":[8,30,125],"has":[10],"been":[11],"an":[12,120],"important":[13],"issue":[14],"in":[15],"computer":[16],"graphics.":[17],"A":[18],"number":[19],"of":[20,82,112,124,147,169,179,187],"researchers":[21],"have":[22],"proposed":[23],"various":[24],"modeling":[25,68],"methodologies":[26],"to":[27,49],"the":[29,35,43,80,107,113,130,148,176],"realistically.":[32],"However,":[33],"despite":[34],"fact":[36],"these":[38,54,100,144,154],"methods":[39,55],"give":[40],"high-quality":[41],"results,":[42],"time,":[44],"cost,":[45],"and":[46,93,134],"labor":[47],"required":[48],"generate":[50],"such":[51],"models":[52,168],"by":[53,128],"are":[56,157],"often":[57],"high.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,162],"propose":[63],"fully":[65],"automatic":[66],"method":[69,181,192],"can":[71],"rapidly":[72],"create":[73],"realistic":[75,165],"on":[79],"basis":[81],"single":[84],"2D":[85],"image.":[86],"We":[87],"studied":[88],"200":[89],"frontal":[90],"facial":[91,102,114,138,149],"images":[92],"captured":[94],"their":[95],"statistical":[96],"shape":[97],"variations.":[98],"Using":[99],"properties,":[101],"features":[103,115],"were":[104],"detected":[105],"from":[106],"images.":[108],"The":[109],"depth":[110],"information":[111],"was":[116,182],"then":[117],"estimated":[118],"using":[119],"anthropometrical":[121],"measurement":[122],"database":[123],"faces.":[126],"Finally,":[127,142],"aligning":[129],"feature":[131,155],"points":[132,156],"three-dimensionally":[133],"interpolating":[135],"them,":[136],"surface":[139,152],"is":[140],"generated.":[141],"upon":[143],"3-dimensional":[145],"alignment":[146],"features,":[150],"interpolates":[153],"created.":[158],"As":[159],"result,":[161],"could":[163],"obtain":[164],"faces":[167],"several":[170],"individuals":[171],"without":[172],"any":[173],"efforts.":[174],"Further,":[175],"computational":[177],"cost":[178],"our":[180,191],"much":[183],"lower":[184],"than":[185],"other":[188],"methods.":[189],"Thus,":[190],"showed":[193],"remarkably":[194],"fast":[195],"performance.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}