{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161948491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1669112.1669149","title":"Preemptive virtual clock","display_name":"Preemptive virtual clock","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161948491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1669112.1669149","mag":"2161948491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1669112.1669149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1669112.1669149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010276850","display_name":"Boris Grot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-0762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boris Grot","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063354509","display_name":"Stephen W. Keckler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6701-6099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen W. Keckler","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050695684","display_name":"Onur Mutlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onur Mutlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010276850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.0101,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99255532,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"268","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8096791505813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.615045428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5644687414169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-on-a-chip","display_name":"Network on a chip","score":0.5216510891914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preemption","display_name":"Preemption","score":0.5062252879142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5057847499847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4608217775821686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4572318494319916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.4334174394607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38875943422317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1754918396472931}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8096791505813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.615045428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5644687414169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128519102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339554","display_name":"Network on a chip","level":2,"score":0.5216510891914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206952183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193100","display_name":"Preemption","level":2,"score":0.5062252879142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5057847499847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4608217775821686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4572318494319916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.4334174394607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38875943422317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1754918396472931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1669112.1669149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1669112.1669149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1457556245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EIA-0303609","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5759138046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0811056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/025kzpk63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1817407785","https://openalex.org/W1838968508","https://openalex.org/W1995484244","https://openalex.org/W2044206819","https://openalex.org/W2073440460","https://openalex.org/W2075691203","https://openalex.org/W2076516498","https://openalex.org/W2095314640","https://openalex.org/W2097560795","https://openalex.org/W2098040113","https://openalex.org/W2102871765","https://openalex.org/W2104196799","https://openalex.org/W2134049183","https://openalex.org/W2143207886","https://openalex.org/W2152061572","https://openalex.org/W2160428323","https://openalex.org/W2165422384","https://openalex.org/W2166151045","https://openalex.org/W2169875292","https://openalex.org/W2505236094","https://openalex.org/W3148024018","https://openalex.org/W3163287424","https://openalex.org/W4254256063","https://openalex.org/W4256538221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3191866865","https://openalex.org/W840708677","https://openalex.org/W2361541374","https://openalex.org/W1439300391","https://openalex.org/W1970491116","https://openalex.org/W2888133284","https://openalex.org/W601696587","https://openalex.org/W2881508932","https://openalex.org/W2389216462","https://openalex.org/W2137811827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"many-core":[1],"chip":[2],"multiprocessors":[3],"(CMPs)":[4],"and":[5,19,30,41,47,62,69,108,140,154,185,207],"systems-on-a-chip":[6],"(SOCs)":[7],"will":[8,23,53],"have":[9,79],"numerous":[10],"processing":[11],"elements":[12],"executing":[13],"multiple":[14],"applications":[15,18,52],"concurrently.":[16],"These":[17],"their":[20],"respective":[21],"threads":[22],"interfere":[24],"at":[25,151,158],"the":[26,45,100,152,159,180,183],"on-chip":[27,95],"network":[28,76,146,191],"level":[29],"compete":[31],"for":[32,74,94,111],"shared":[33],"resources":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"cache":[37],"banks,":[38],"memory":[39],"controllers,":[40],"specialized":[42],"accelerators.":[43],"Often,":[44],"communication":[46],"sharing":[48],"patterns":[49],"of":[50,144,168,182,204],"these":[51],"be":[54,92],"impossible":[55],"to":[56,91,121],"predict":[57],"off-line,":[58],"making":[59],"fairness":[60],"guarantees":[61,184],"performance":[63,89],"isolation":[64],"difficult":[65],"through":[66,166,193],"static":[67],"thread":[68,205],"link":[70],"scheduling.":[71],"Prior":[72],"techniques":[73],"providing":[75],"quality-of-service":[77],"(QOS)":[78],"too":[80],"much":[81],"algorithmic":[82],"complexity,":[83],"cost":[84],"(area":[85],"and/or":[86],"energy)":[87],"or":[88],"overhead":[90],"attractive":[93],"implementation.":[96],"To":[97],"better":[98],"understand":[99],"preferred":[101],"solution":[102],"space,":[103],"we":[104],"define":[105],"desirable":[106],"features":[107],"evaluation":[109],"metrics":[110],"QOS":[112,125],"in":[113],"a":[114,123,177,194],"network-on-a-chip":[115],"(NOC).":[116],"Our":[117],"insights":[118],"lead":[119],"us":[120],"propose":[122],"novel":[124],"system":[126],"called":[127],"Preemptive":[128],"Virtual":[129],"Clock":[130],"(PVC).":[131],"PVC":[132,162,175,189],"provides":[133],"strong":[134],"guarantees,":[135],"reduces":[136],"packet":[137],"delay":[138],"variation,":[139],"enables":[141,176,199],"efficient":[142],"reclamation":[143],"idle":[145],"bandwidth":[147,201,210],"without":[148],"per-flow":[149],"buffering":[150,157],"routers":[153],"with":[155],"minimal":[156],"source":[160],"nodes.":[161],"averts":[163],"priority":[164],"inversion":[165],"preemption":[167,173],"lower-priority":[169],"packets.":[170],"By":[171],"controlling":[172],"aggressiveness,":[174],"trade-off":[178],"between":[179],"strength":[181],"overall":[186],"throughput.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"simplifies":[190],"management":[192],"flexible":[195],"allocation":[196],"mechanism":[197],"that":[198],"per-application":[200],"provisioning":[202],"independent":[203],"count":[206],"supports":[208],"transparent":[209],"recycling":[211],"among":[212],"an":[213],"application's":[214],"threads.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
