{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056451108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1667067.1667070","title":"A programmable network address translator","display_name":"A programmable network address translator","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056451108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1667067.1667070","mag":"2056451108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1667067.1667070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1667067.1667070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101533102","display_name":"Tzu-Chi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-8531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50519452","display_name":"Lunghwa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/001y2wd07","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50519452"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Chi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50519452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108093247","display_name":"Sherali Zeadally","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174612323","display_name":"University of the District of Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/037wegn60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174612323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherali Zeadally","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174612323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033056152","display_name":"Naveen Chilamkurti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-8897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveen Chilamkurti","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Trobe University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Trobe University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103100406","display_name":"Ce-Kuen Shieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3828-9113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ce-Kuen Shieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101533102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50519452"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79451682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9211806654930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-address-translation","display_name":"Network address translation","score":0.6608816981315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6182106733322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6167280077934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv4","display_name":"IPv4","score":0.5786683559417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4537804126739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nat","display_name":"Nat","score":0.4449401795864105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-analyzer","display_name":"Packet analyzer","score":0.43014898896217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-to-peer","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","score":0.4259885549545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36112380027770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.359793484210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv6","display_name":"IPv6","score":0.320728600025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24074077606201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-protocol","display_name":"Internet Protocol","score":0.21315938234329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.17764070630073547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9211806654930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147873670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11182","display_name":"Network address translation","level":4,"score":0.6608816981315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6182106733322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6167280077934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11103","display_name":"IPv4","level":4,"score":0.5786683559417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4537804126739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182516595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376660","display_name":"Nat","level":2,"score":0.4449401795864105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95362637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54366","display_name":"Packet analyzer","level":3,"score":0.43014898896217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.4259885549545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36112380027770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.359793484210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84555802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551624","display_name":"IPv6","level":3,"score":0.320728600025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24074077606201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.21315938234329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.17764070630073547}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1667067.1667070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1667067.1667070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27384595","https://openalex.org/W65351271","https://openalex.org/W85297788","https://openalex.org/W1499965119","https://openalex.org/W1507261042","https://openalex.org/W1540487166","https://openalex.org/W1560840983","https://openalex.org/W1611777866","https://openalex.org/W1626838828","https://openalex.org/W1664342854","https://openalex.org/W1707928886","https://openalex.org/W1760272954","https://openalex.org/W1785492489","https://openalex.org/W1895499228","https://openalex.org/W1940991363","https://openalex.org/W1982648554","https://openalex.org/W1999225540","https://openalex.org/W2004921682","https://openalex.org/W2014485836","https://openalex.org/W2016679348","https://openalex.org/W2038053775","https://openalex.org/W2067365859","https://openalex.org/W2099789581","https://openalex.org/W2101874315","https://openalex.org/W2102351657","https://openalex.org/W2107994254","https://openalex.org/W2111349385","https://openalex.org/W2111417638","https://openalex.org/W2118769026","https://openalex.org/W2119705782","https://openalex.org/W2130886336","https://openalex.org/W2138381338","https://openalex.org/W2140471436","https://openalex.org/W2146828161","https://openalex.org/W2150623502","https://openalex.org/W2159269118","https://openalex.org/W2164371682","https://openalex.org/W2168014536","https://openalex.org/W2171677627","https://openalex.org/W2262527754","https://openalex.org/W2262944025","https://openalex.org/W2548368786","https://openalex.org/W2772329398","https://openalex.org/W2912484255","https://openalex.org/W2942083211","https://openalex.org/W4233966728","https://openalex.org/W4234231753","https://openalex.org/W4248927948","https://openalex.org/W4300452270","https://openalex.org/W4300591638","https://openalex.org/W6636676646","https://openalex.org/W6906355099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025363390","https://openalex.org/W1580925854","https://openalex.org/W2380493300","https://openalex.org/W2980216330","https://openalex.org/W1934890043","https://openalex.org/W2394007650","https://openalex.org/W2383786405","https://openalex.org/W1600104557","https://openalex.org/W2538684742","https://openalex.org/W2056451108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,45],"Address":[1,46],"Translation":[2,47],"(NAT)":[3],"alleviates":[4],"the":[5,74,89,92,110,138,152],"shortage":[6],"of":[7,151],"IPv4":[8],"addresses":[9,124],"but":[10],"incurs":[11],"peer-to-peer":[12,52,62],"communication,":[13,63],"application":[14,56,87,105],"functionality":[15,57],"and":[16,37,58,125,144],"packet":[17,59,100,108,128],"integrity":[18],"problems.":[19,32],"To":[20,130],"date,":[21],"no":[22],"approach":[23,67],"has":[24],"yet":[25],"been":[26],"proposed":[27,65,83,133],"to":[28,95,103,114,122],"solve":[29],"these":[30],"three":[31],"By":[33],"exploiting":[34],"mobile":[35,93],"agent":[36],"active":[38],"networking":[39],"technologies,":[40],"we":[41,136,145],"propose":[42],"a":[43],"Programmable":[44],"(PNAT)":[48],"implementation":[49],"that":[50],"enables":[51],"communication":[53],"while":[54],"maintaining":[55],"integrity.":[60],"For":[61,86,107],"our":[64,82,132],"PNAT":[66,90,111,134,139],"works":[68],"for":[69],"various":[70],"NAT":[71,84,120],"types":[72],"(including":[73],"Symmetric":[75],"NAT)":[76],"with":[77],"simple":[78],"APIs":[79],"supported":[80],"by":[81],"design.":[85,154],"functionality,":[88],"uses":[91],"code":[94],"update":[96],"protocol":[97],"information":[98],"in":[99,127],"payloads":[101],"according":[102],"different":[104],"needs.":[106],"integrity,":[109],"allows":[112],"applications":[113],"delay":[115],"their":[116],"data":[117],"encryption":[118],"until":[119],"begins":[121],"translate":[123],"ports":[126],"headers.":[129],"validate":[131],"approach,":[135],"implemented":[137,153],"design":[140],"on":[141],"Windows":[142],"2000,":[143],"present":[146],"an":[147],"empirical":[148],"performance":[149],"evaluation":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T15:07:20.185449","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}