{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2096626772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1655148.1655154","title":"The cake is a lie","display_name":"The cake is a lie","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2096626772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1655148.1655154","mag":"2096626772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1655148.1655154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1655148.1655154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Virtual machine security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016172156","display_name":"Sergey Bratus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Bratus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070885438","display_name":"Peter C. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-2389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter C. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068613788","display_name":"Ashwin Ramaswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-7838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin Ramaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102885109","display_name":"Sean W. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-574X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086616243","display_name":"Michael E. Locasto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Locasto","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84893229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compromise","display_name":"Compromise","score":0.8108850717544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.7633440494537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.7557756900787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6747051477432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commodity","display_name":"Commodity","score":0.5453687310218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privilege","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","score":0.5149527192115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.46629613637924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3405620753765106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3251799941062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.28966009616851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21794873476028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.11128649115562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.09662151336669922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.8108850717544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7633440494537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7557756900787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6747051477432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088","display_name":"Commodity","level":2,"score":0.5453687310218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3404265","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5149527192115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.46629613637924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3405620753765106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3251799941062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28966009616851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21794873476028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.11128649115562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09662151336669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1655148.1655154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1655148.1655154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Virtual machine security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55937681","https://openalex.org/W183323481","https://openalex.org/W1518919505","https://openalex.org/W1809664600","https://openalex.org/W2043319140","https://openalex.org/W2083228150","https://openalex.org/W2083469471","https://openalex.org/W2086234010","https://openalex.org/W2090729416","https://openalex.org/W2094873755","https://openalex.org/W2109847990","https://openalex.org/W2116283852","https://openalex.org/W2122960384","https://openalex.org/W2123553986","https://openalex.org/W2127784167","https://openalex.org/W2137622193","https://openalex.org/W2140953464","https://openalex.org/W2153950928","https://openalex.org/W2157801087","https://openalex.org/W2162568437","https://openalex.org/W2165444185","https://openalex.org/W2167800525","https://openalex.org/W3000664081","https://openalex.org/W4229646679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379533788","https://openalex.org/W267728","https://openalex.org/W2206827515","https://openalex.org/W3196796725","https://openalex.org/W2502425825","https://openalex.org/W2592352513","https://openalex.org/W2364925730","https://openalex.org/W2315693523","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2900763005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Components":[0],"of":[1,15,23,40],"commodity":[2],"OS":[3],"kernels":[4],"typically":[5],"execute":[6],"at":[7],"the":[8,13,21,24,38],"same":[9],"privilege":[10],"level.":[11],"Consequently,":[12],"compromise":[14],"even":[16],"a":[17,41,46],"single":[18],"component":[19,44],"undermines":[20],"trustworthiness":[22],"entire":[25],"kernel":[26,43],"and":[27],"its":[28],"ability":[29],"to":[30,48],"enforce":[31],"separation":[32],"between":[33],"user-level":[34],"processes.":[35],"Reliably":[36],"containing":[37],"extent":[39],"compromised":[42],"is":[45],"problem":[47],"which":[49],"few":[50],"practical":[51],"solutions":[52],"exist.":[53]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
