{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136245903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1655148.1655151","title":"Emulating emulation-resistant malware","display_name":"Emulating emulation-resistant malware","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136245903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1655148.1655151","mag":"2136245903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1655148.1655151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1655148.1655151","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Virtual machine security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109879665","display_name":"Min Gyung Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Gyung Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University / University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University / University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073376805","display_name":"Heng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-7742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Syracuse University / Unversity of California, Berkeley, Syracuse, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syracuse University / Unversity of California, Berkeley, Syracuse, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113498968","display_name":"Steve Hanna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Hanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078041729","display_name":"Stephen McCamant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6859-9758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen McCamant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019426968","display_name":"Dawn Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-6802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8132,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98418999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.9465097188949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8913326263427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8350505828857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-analysis","display_name":"Malware analysis","score":0.6393992900848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.6155022978782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.559065043926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.5515076518058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4613649249076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4493466317653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3935539126396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14656472206115723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.9465097188949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8913326263427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8350505828857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.6393992900848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6155022978782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.559065043926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.5515076518058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4613649249076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4493466317653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3935539126396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14656472206115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1655148.1655151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1655148.1655151","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Virtual machine security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.183.4819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.183.4819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.vividmachines.com/papers/vmsec.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.228.4682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.228.4682","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/%7Edawnsong/papers/2009%20emulating%20p11-kang.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:berkeley.edu:28722-bk0004d875b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://techreports.lib.berkeley.edu/accessPages/EECS-2009-58.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"technical reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23711711","https://openalex.org/W78162143","https://openalex.org/W124732759","https://openalex.org/W303139982","https://openalex.org/W1499241274","https://openalex.org/W1503224444","https://openalex.org/W1575308494","https://openalex.org/W1604135736","https://openalex.org/W1968632081","https://openalex.org/W1992181084","https://openalex.org/W2014589236","https://openalex.org/W2037017056","https://openalex.org/W2096921767","https://openalex.org/W2103533292","https://openalex.org/W2112731379","https://openalex.org/W2115175195","https://openalex.org/W2117030266","https://openalex.org/W2117882778","https://openalex.org/W2119251836","https://openalex.org/W2121367920","https://openalex.org/W2128389850","https://openalex.org/W2130200371","https://openalex.org/W2140807364","https://openalex.org/W2143642500","https://openalex.org/W2145083214","https://openalex.org/W2151135920","https://openalex.org/W2151182669","https://openalex.org/W2159702664","https://openalex.org/W2167190886","https://openalex.org/W2519944239","https://openalex.org/W2752929869","https://openalex.org/W4251625295","https://openalex.org/W6603143691","https://openalex.org/W6610773549","https://openalex.org/W6629915129","https://openalex.org/W6654358211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469507153","https://openalex.org/W2768892939","https://openalex.org/W2008790809","https://openalex.org/W4285507391","https://openalex.org/W3107556205","https://openalex.org/W2610659201","https://openalex.org/W2765174411","https://openalex.org/W2067547021","https://openalex.org/W2805262980","https://openalex.org/W4234891089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"authors":[1],"of":[2,45,57,89,129],"malware":[3,64,120,130,149],"attempt":[4],"to":[5,34,52,61,76,96,153,161],"frustrate":[6],"reverse":[7],"engineering":[8],"and":[9,38,41,84,93,135,156],"analysis":[10,44],"by":[11,110],"creating":[12],"programs":[13],"that":[14,102,125,138],"crash":[15],"or":[16],"otherwise":[17],"behave":[18],"differently":[19],"when":[20,27],"executed":[21,28],"on":[22,29],"an":[23,49,112,115,136],"emulated":[24,81],"platform":[25],"than":[26],"real":[30,127],"hardware.":[31],"In":[32],"order":[33],"defeat":[35],"such":[36],"techniques":[37],"facilitate":[39],"automatic":[40],"semi-automatic":[42],"dynamic":[43,99],"malware,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"automated":[50],"technique":[51,109],"dynamically":[53],"modify":[54],"the":[55,78,87,90,94,104,133,148],"execution":[56,82],"a":[58,63,71,98],"whole-system":[59],"emulator":[60,95,116],"fool":[62],"sample's":[65,150],"anti-emulation":[66,151],"checks.":[67],"Our":[68],"approach":[69],"uses":[70],"scalable":[72],"trace":[73],"matching":[74],"algorithm":[75],"locate":[77],"point":[79],"where":[80],"diverges,":[83],"then":[85],"compares":[86],"states":[88],"reference":[91],"system":[92,162],"create":[97],"state":[100],"modification":[101],"repairs":[103],"difference.":[105],"We":[106],"evaluate":[107],"our":[108,144],"building":[111],"implementation":[113],"into":[114],"used":[117],"for":[118],"in-depth":[119],"analysis.":[121],"On":[122],"case":[123],"studies":[124],"include":[126],"samples":[128],"collected":[131],"in":[132],"wild":[134],"attack":[137],"has":[139],"not":[140],"yet":[141],"been":[142],"exploited,":[143],"tool":[145],"automatically":[146],"ameliorates":[147],"checks":[152],"enable":[154],"analysis,":[155],"its":[157],"modifications":[158],"are":[159],"robust":[160],"changes.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
