{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115026336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1653662.1653690","title":"On cellular botnets","display_name":"On cellular botnets","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115026336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1653662.1653690","mag":"2115026336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1653662.1653690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1653662.1653690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048941759","display_name":"Patrick Traynor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-5189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Traynor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101516839","display_name":"Michael Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002752194","display_name":"Machigar Ongtang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Machigar Ongtang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077588690","display_name":"Vikhyath Rao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikhyath Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055045569","display_name":"Trent Jaeger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-1170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trent Jaeger","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055368149","display_name":"Patrick McDaniel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick McDaniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073465096","display_name":"Thomas La Porta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-4461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas La Porta","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048941759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.9424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":216,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99634164,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"223","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.8513396978378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7798192501068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.6680805087089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6627730131149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnectivity","display_name":"Interconnectivity","score":0.6286913156509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5899131298065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4825667440891266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.4823962450027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.44542139768600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.43932706117630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4101168215274811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20466461777687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.08711984753608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08669143915176392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.8513396978378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7798192501068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6680805087089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6627730131149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25516864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnectivity","level":2,"score":0.6286913156509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5899131298065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4825667440891266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.4823962450027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.44542139768600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.43932706117630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4101168215274811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20466461777687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.08711984753608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08669143915176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1653662.1653690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1653662.1653690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118842186","https://openalex.org/W172040345","https://openalex.org/W188088697","https://openalex.org/W1482497150","https://openalex.org/W1499648394","https://openalex.org/W1520068592","https://openalex.org/W1543512222","https://openalex.org/W1565638329","https://openalex.org/W1567657247","https://openalex.org/W1583098994","https://openalex.org/W1591851566","https://openalex.org/W1596254026","https://openalex.org/W1603565383","https://openalex.org/W1652780151","https://openalex.org/W1671672775","https://openalex.org/W1775772884","https://openalex.org/W1967949770","https://openalex.org/W1984845499","https://openalex.org/W2001117847","https://openalex.org/W2014199851","https://openalex.org/W2031006315","https://openalex.org/W2033442522","https://openalex.org/W2072410439","https://openalex.org/W2072810288","https://openalex.org/W2093744857","https://openalex.org/W2095610745","https://openalex.org/W2104692292","https://openalex.org/W2107019082","https://openalex.org/W2113755340","https://openalex.org/W2124806945","https://openalex.org/W2131643608","https://openalex.org/W2134313999","https://openalex.org/W2138574741","https://openalex.org/W2139153904","https://openalex.org/W2160321844","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W4250493029","https://openalex.org/W6633907992","https://openalex.org/W6635437349","https://openalex.org/W6674628898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294483539","https://openalex.org/W2378449000","https://openalex.org/W3187581118","https://openalex.org/W2938399969","https://openalex.org/W2616994865","https://openalex.org/W3143747655","https://openalex.org/W2002178493","https://openalex.org/W2901835651","https://openalex.org/W4230824443","https://openalex.org/W2292210693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"vast":[1],"expansion":[2],"of":[3,12,29,36,44,50,59,63,88,97,106,114,123,141],"interconnectivity":[4],"with":[5],"the":[6,9,27,30,42,57,86,121,149],"Internet":[7],"and":[8,34,53,92,129],"rapid":[10],"evolution":[11],"highly-capable":[13],"but":[14],"largely":[15],"insecure":[16],"mobile":[17,37,69],"devices":[18],"threatens":[19],"cellular":[20],"networks.":[21,46],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"we":[25,55],"characterize":[26],"impact":[28,119],"large":[31],"scale":[32],"compromise":[33],"coordination":[35],"phones":[38,70],"in":[39],"attacks":[40,82],"against":[41],"core":[43],"these":[45],"Through":[47],"a":[48,60,94,112,139],"combination":[49],"measurement,":[51],"simulation":[52],"analysis,":[54],"demonstrate":[56],"ability":[58],"botnet":[61],"composed":[62],"as":[64,66],"few":[65],"11,750":[67],"compromised":[68,124],"to":[71,74,103,146],"degrade":[72],"service":[73,90],"area-code":[75],"sized":[76],"regions":[77],"by":[78,137,152],"93%.":[79],"As":[80],"such":[81,153],"are":[83,101],"accomplished":[84],"through":[85],"execution":[87],"network":[89,116],"requests":[91],"not":[93],"constant":[95],"stream":[96],"phone":[98],"calls,":[99],"users":[100],"unlikely":[102],"be":[104,133],"aware":[105],"their":[107,118],"occurrence.":[108],"We":[109,135],"then":[110],"investigate":[111],"number":[113,140],"significant":[115],"bottlenecks,":[117],"on":[120],"density":[122],"nodes":[125],"per":[126],"base":[127],"station":[128],"how":[130],"they":[131],"can":[132],"avoided.":[134],"conclude":[136],"discussing":[138],"countermeasures":[142],"that":[143],"may":[144],"help":[145],"partially":[147],"mitigate":[148],"threats":[150],"posed":[151],"attacks.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":31}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
