{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077106070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1647314.1647336","title":"Detecting user engagement with a robot companion using task and social interaction-based features","display_name":"Detecting user engagement with a robot companion using task and social interaction-based features","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077106070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1647314.1647336","mag":"2077106070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1647314.1647336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1647314.1647336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Multimodal interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014668082","display_name":"Ginevra Castellano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-6791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ginevra Castellano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612354","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-0468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico , Porto Salvo, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico , Porto Salvo, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082559019","display_name":"Iolanda Leite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-4325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iolanda Leite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico , Porto Salvo, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico , Porto Salvo, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077860392","display_name":"Ana Paiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-5188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Paiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico , Porto Salvo, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico , Porto Salvo, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033327475","display_name":"Peter W. McOwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-6244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter W. McOwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014668082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5784,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97982232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"119","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.710892379283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6298595666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6118982434272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5899586081504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4833947718143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.4675976634025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.45891982316970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.4570382833480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-engagement","display_name":"User engagement","score":0.44157376885414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-relation","display_name":"Social relation","score":0.41455280780792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4079042673110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.29684990644454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.20441803336143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.13436949253082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12783282995224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1060110330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09411901235580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.08865430951118469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.710892379283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6298595666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6118982434272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5899586081504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4833947718143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.4675976634025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.45891982316970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4570382833480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984870255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5196451","display_name":"User engagement","level":2,"score":0.44157376885414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.41455280780792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4079042673110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.29684990644454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20441803336143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.13436949253082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12783282995224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1060110330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09411901235580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.08865430951118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1647314.1647336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1647314.1647336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Multimodal interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310962","display_name":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/0265wc016"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104891186","https://openalex.org/W176762163","https://openalex.org/W1965158745","https://openalex.org/W1977137834","https://openalex.org/W1989104072","https://openalex.org/W1989426632","https://openalex.org/W2061319836","https://openalex.org/W2097634056","https://openalex.org/W2109626108","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2127024426","https://openalex.org/W2127429655","https://openalex.org/W2138858393","https://openalex.org/W2141973273","https://openalex.org/W2156503193","https://openalex.org/W2157980255","https://openalex.org/W2291168657","https://openalex.org/W2404602200","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6678087030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560936962","https://openalex.org/W2788727012","https://openalex.org/W2526386912","https://openalex.org/W4388203630","https://openalex.org/W2410591377","https://openalex.org/W2323113755","https://openalex.org/W1973589457","https://openalex.org/W2524435501","https://openalex.org/W2166649005","https://openalex.org/W2021572460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Affect":[0],"sensitivity":[1],"is":[2,58],"of":[3,67,90,112],"the":[4,40,51,55,72,76,79,87],"utmost":[5],"importance":[6],"for":[7,22],"a":[8,19,31,42],"robot":[9,43,57],"companion":[10],"to":[11,14,49,71,85,97],"be":[12],"able":[13],"display":[15],"socially":[16],"intelligent":[17],"behaviour,":[18,75],"key":[20],"requirement":[21],"sustaining":[23],"long-term":[24],"interactions":[25],"with":[26,39,54],"humans.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"explores":[30],"naturalistic":[32],"scenario":[33],"in":[34],"which":[35],"children":[36],"play":[37],"chess":[38],"iCat,":[41],"companion.":[44],"A":[45],"person-independent,":[46],"Bayesian":[47],"approach":[48,107],"detect":[50],"user's":[52,73],"engagement":[53],"iCat":[56],"presented.":[59],"Our":[60],"framework":[61],"models":[62],"both":[63],"causes":[64],"and":[65,78,99,114,133],"effects":[66],"engagement:":[68],"features":[69,117],"related":[70],"non-verbal":[74,123],"task":[77,113],"companion's":[80],"affective":[81],"reactions":[82],"are":[83],"identified":[84],"predict":[86],"children's":[88],"level":[89],"engagement.":[91],"An":[92],"experiment":[93],"was":[94],"carried":[95],"out":[96],"train":[98],"validate":[100],"our":[101,106],"model.":[102],"Results":[103],"show":[104],"that":[105],"based":[108,120],"on":[109,122],"multimodal":[110],"integration":[111],"social":[115],"interaction-based":[116],"outperforms":[118],"those":[119],"solely":[121],"behaviour":[124],"or":[125],"contextual":[126],"information":[127],"(94.79":[128],"%":[129,132],"vs.":[130],"93.75":[131],"78.13":[134],"%).":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}