{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2431165553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1645953.1646274","title":"Answer typing for information retrieval","display_name":"Answer typing for information retrieval","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2431165553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1645953.1646274","mag":"2431165553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1645953.1646274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1645953.1646274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067464507","display_name":"Christopher Pinchak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Pinchak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071837282","display_name":"Davood Rafiei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-0266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davood Rafiei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110265834","display_name":"Dekang Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dekang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1955","last_page":"1958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8878833055496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7628036737442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.711067795753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6224669218063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing","display_name":"Typing","score":0.5524317026138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5471422672271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4354993999004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.42633748054504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.41420334577560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39771726727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3202316164970398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8878833055496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7628036737442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.711067795753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6224669218063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.5524317026138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5471422672271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4354993999004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42633748054504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41420334577560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39771726727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3202316164970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1645953.1646274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1645953.1646274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.156.9306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.156.9306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~drafiei/papers/cikm09-pinchak.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129166329","https://openalex.org/W1486774762","https://openalex.org/W1506013151","https://openalex.org/W1514997941","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1576520375","https://openalex.org/W1604938182","https://openalex.org/W1864657091","https://openalex.org/W1970381522","https://openalex.org/W1982858363","https://openalex.org/W2000577984","https://openalex.org/W2025910815","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2047221353","https://openalex.org/W2070246124","https://openalex.org/W2103986443","https://openalex.org/W2111572281","https://openalex.org/W2119364316","https://openalex.org/W2136349869","https://openalex.org/W2155925704","https://openalex.org/W2168432402","https://openalex.org/W4235505822","https://openalex.org/W6629130205","https://openalex.org/W6630439842","https://openalex.org/W6634442568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W1487808658","https://openalex.org/W1494981348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Answer":[0],"typing":[1,19,83],"is":[2,39],"commonly":[3,73],"thought":[4],"of":[5,17,32,36,55],"as":[6],"finding":[7],"appropriate":[8,89],"responses":[9],"to":[10,20,23,29,70],"given":[11],"questions.":[12],"We":[13],"extend":[14],"the":[15,53,66,76,107],"notion":[16],"answer":[18,82],"information":[21],"retrieval":[22],"ensure":[24],"results":[25,59],"contain":[26],"plausible":[27],"answers":[28,98],"queries.":[30],"Identification":[31],"a":[33,42,117,122],"large":[34],"class":[35],"applicable":[37],"queries":[38],"performed":[40],"using":[41],"discriminative":[43,46],"classifier,":[44],"and":[45,88],"preference":[47],"ranking":[48],"methods":[49],"are":[50,68,99],"employed":[51],"for":[52],"selection":[54],"type-appropriate":[56,62],"terms.":[57,90],"Experimental":[58],"show":[60,93],"that":[61,81,94],"terms":[63,71],"identified":[64],"by":[65,102,106],"model":[67,104],"superior":[69],"most":[72],"associated":[74],"with":[75],"query,":[77],"providing":[78],"strong":[79],"evidence":[80],"techniques":[84],"can":[85],"find":[86],"meaningful":[87],"Further":[91],"experiments":[92],"snippets":[95],"containing":[96],"correct":[97],"ranked":[100],"higher":[101],"our":[103],"than":[105],"baseline":[108],"Google":[109],"search":[110],"engine":[111],"in":[112,115],"those":[113],"instances":[114],"which":[116],"query":[118],"does":[119],"indeed":[120],"seek":[121],"short":[123],"answer.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
