{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027983523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1609967.1609973","title":"Perception of differences in natural-image stimuli","display_name":"Perception of differences in natural-image stimuli","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027983523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1609967.1609973","mag":"2027983523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1609967.1609973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1609967.1609973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106183091","display_name":"Michelle To","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-9425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.P.S. To","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078259873","display_name":"Iain D. Gilchrist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2070-6679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.D. Gilchrist","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, U.K","[University of Bristol, U.K.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Bristol, U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108626039","display_name":"T. Troscianko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Troscianko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, U.K","[University of Bristol, U.K.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Bristol, U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009659307","display_name":"James Kho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-1632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.S.B. Kho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067122131","display_name":"D.J. Tolhurst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.J. Tolhurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106183091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57285946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foveal","display_name":"Foveal","score":0.8541871309280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-vision","display_name":"Peripheral vision","score":0.8151605129241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding","display_name":"Crowding","score":0.772612452507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.6042381525039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5938963294029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.5656085014343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afterimage","display_name":"Afterimage","score":0.5610635280609131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5344808101654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-field","display_name":"Visual field","score":0.5141387581825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4971947968006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4415046274662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychophysics","display_name":"Psychophysics","score":0.44118085503578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"Visual cortex","score":0.42660290002822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.36798951029777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.35590583086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33031022548675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.21946820616722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14293399453163147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30181142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103","display_name":"Foveal","level":3,"score":0.8541871309280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185761835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431287","display_name":"Peripheral vision","level":2,"score":0.8151605129241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149333683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5189188","display_name":"Crowding","level":2,"score":0.772612452507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6042381525039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5938963294029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.5656085014343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79106606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735197","display_name":"Afterimage","level":3,"score":0.5610635280609131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5344808101654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364768","display_name":"Visual field","level":2,"score":0.5141387581825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4971947968006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4415046274662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15123163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500096","display_name":"Psychophysics","level":3,"score":0.44118085503578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.42660290002822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.36798951029777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.35590583086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33031022548675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.21946820616722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14293399453163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1609967.1609973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1609967.1609973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/b0372eb8-b463-410c-83d6-6241713b4a73","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/b0372eb8-b463-410c-83d6-6241713b4a73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"To, MPS, Gilchrist, ID, Troscianko, T, Kho, JSB & Tolhurst, DJ 2009, 'Perception of differences in natural-image stimuli: Why is peripheral viewing poorer than foveal?', ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, vol. 6, pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1145/1609967.1609973","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2219354028","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E037097/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3360494903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E037372/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42232744","https://openalex.org/W185582764","https://openalex.org/W606463737","https://openalex.org/W1969498556","https://openalex.org/W1973560780","https://openalex.org/W1978581712","https://openalex.org/W1990873664","https://openalex.org/W1994166112","https://openalex.org/W1999195074","https://openalex.org/W1999662556","https://openalex.org/W2006475000","https://openalex.org/W2007035275","https://openalex.org/W2019409996","https://openalex.org/W2019865940","https://openalex.org/W2022468226","https://openalex.org/W2029683698","https://openalex.org/W2044456223","https://openalex.org/W2049831510","https://openalex.org/W2056203159","https://openalex.org/W2064386872","https://openalex.org/W2064885356","https://openalex.org/W2086461513","https://openalex.org/W2089507729","https://openalex.org/W2092755522","https://openalex.org/W2093632841","https://openalex.org/W2113094073","https://openalex.org/W2123566137","https://openalex.org/W2131605659","https://openalex.org/W2132498053","https://openalex.org/W2142299689","https://openalex.org/W2149285772","https://openalex.org/W2150435576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981008917","https://openalex.org/W4242847163","https://openalex.org/W2014816406","https://openalex.org/W2142299689","https://openalex.org/W4361867904","https://openalex.org/W2099210839","https://openalex.org/W2091811023","https://openalex.org/W2017665220","https://openalex.org/W2027983523","https://openalex.org/W2743072798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"Difference":[1],"Predictor":[2],"(VDP)":[3],"models":[4,231,249,301],"have":[5,228,280],"played":[6],"a":[7,61,136],"key":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,66,114,135,159,168,172,199,204,239,286,292],"digital":[11],"image":[12,19],"applications":[13],"such":[14,48],"as":[15,49,73],"the":[16,42,99,115,143,160,169,183,200,205,208,217,225,234,243,253,262,274,287,293],"development":[17],"of":[18,45,78,101,109,152,166,210,237,276,290],"quality":[20],"metrics.":[21],"However,":[22],"little":[23],"attention":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26],"paid":[27],"to":[28,31,84,178,224,306],"their":[29],"applicability":[30],"peripheral":[32,53,174,264,294,307],"vision.":[33,308],"Central":[34],"(i.e.,":[35],"foveal)":[36],"vision":[37,54],"is":[38,55,60],"extremely":[39],"sensitive":[40],"for":[41,182,256],"contrast":[43,265],"detection":[44],"simple":[46,193],"stimuli":[47,105],"sinusoidal":[50,79],"gratings,":[51],"but":[52],"less":[56,180],"sensitive.":[57],"Furthermore,":[58],"crowding":[59,102,134,198],"well-documented":[62],"phenomenon":[63],"whereby":[64],"differences":[65,145],"suprathreshold":[67,137],"peripherally":[68,257],"viewed":[69,186,258],"target":[70,121,150],"objects":[71,90],"(such":[72],"individual":[74],"letters":[75],"or":[76,164],"patches":[77,151],"grating)":[80],"become":[81],"more":[82,222],"difficult":[83],"discriminate":[85],"when":[86,216,261],"surrounded":[87],"by":[88],"other":[89],"(flankers).":[91],"We":[92,128,227],"examine":[93],"three":[94],"factors":[95,132],"that":[96,197,298],"might":[97,157,282],"influence":[98],"degree":[100],"with":[103,189],"natural-scene":[104],"(cropped":[106],"from":[107,284],"photographs":[108],"natural":[110,153],"scenes):":[111],"(1)":[112],"location":[113],"visual":[116,240],"field,":[117],"(2)":[118],"distance":[119],"between":[120,146,246],"and":[122,124,221,242],"flankers,":[123],"(3)":[125],"flanker-target":[126],"similarity.":[127],"ask":[129],"how":[130],"these":[131],"affect":[133],"discrimination":[138],"experiment":[139],"where":[140],"observers":[141],"rate":[142],"perceived":[144,177,211],"two":[147],"sequentially":[148],"presented":[149],"images.":[154],"The":[155,248],"targets":[156,175],"differ":[158],"shape,":[161],"size,":[162],"arrangement,":[163],"color":[165],"items":[167],"scenes.":[170],"Changes":[171],"uncrowded":[173],"are":[176,219],"be":[179],"than":[181],"same":[184],"changes":[185,212,259],"foveally.":[187],"Consistent":[188],"previous":[190],"research":[191],"on":[192,233],"stimuli,":[194],"we":[195],"find":[196],"periphery":[201],"(but":[202],"not":[203,251,303],"fovea)":[206],"reduces":[207],"magnitudes":[209],"even":[213,260],"further,":[214],"especially":[215],"flankers":[218],"closer":[220],"similar":[223],"target.":[226],"tested":[229],"VDP":[230,300],"based":[232],"response":[235],"behavior":[236],"neurons":[238],"cortex":[241],"inhibitory":[244],"interactions":[245],"them.":[247],"do":[250,302],"explain":[252,273],"lower":[254,263],"ratings":[255],"sensitivity":[266],"was":[267],"accounted":[268],"for;":[269],"nor":[270],"could":[271],"they":[272],"effects":[275],"crowding,":[277],"which":[278],"others":[279],"suggested":[281],"arise":[283],"errors":[285],"spatial":[288],"localization":[289],"features":[291],"image.":[295],"This":[296],"suggests":[297],"conventional":[299],"port":[304],"well":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}