{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995885288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1592451.1592456","title":"On anonymity in an electronic society","display_name":"On anonymity in an electronic society","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995885288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1592451.1592456","mag":"1995885288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1592451.1592456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1592451.1592456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077135224","display_name":"Matthew Edman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Edman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073676361","display_name":"B\u00fclent Yener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-6097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00fclent Yener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.1716,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98916982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.9004858136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8205795288085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6982896327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6375946402549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5447301864624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.514062762260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.482625812292099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.41797035932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36528685688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.34571462869644165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.9004858136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8205795288085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6982896327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6375946402549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5447301864624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.514062762260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.482625812292099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41797035932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36528685688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.34571462869644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1592451.1592456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1592451.1592456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105198325","https://openalex.org/W113480497","https://openalex.org/W126203942","https://openalex.org/W131462842","https://openalex.org/W1484474218","https://openalex.org/W1494403360","https://openalex.org/W1494538302","https://openalex.org/W1494929562","https://openalex.org/W1499994393","https://openalex.org/W1505755285","https://openalex.org/W1508725737","https://openalex.org/W1509835774","https://openalex.org/W1511198340","https://openalex.org/W1524103604","https://openalex.org/W1526404465","https://openalex.org/W1533222780","https://openalex.org/W1535072080","https://openalex.org/W1564775601","https://openalex.org/W1566496285","https://openalex.org/W1567366855","https://openalex.org/W1569777704","https://openalex.org/W1580004440","https://openalex.org/W1582462706","https://openalex.org/W1590015132","https://openalex.org/W1590765731","https://openalex.org/W1591967853","https://openalex.org/W1593132758","https://openalex.org/W1595797875","https://openalex.org/W1606058619","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1764405480","https://openalex.org/W1777764582","https://openalex.org/W1805249784","https://openalex.org/W1834982738","https://openalex.org/W1840784207","https://openalex.org/W1847401883","https://openalex.org/W1866884617","https://openalex.org/W1894333397","https://openalex.org/W1916902331","https://openalex.org/W1952958290","https://openalex.org/W1978884755","https://openalex.org/W1991405152","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2002421583","https://openalex.org/W2014682428","https://openalex.org/W2041221349","https://openalex.org/W2060764506","https://openalex.org/W2063547081","https://openalex.org/W2073346043","https://openalex.org/W2078813897","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2103597742","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2108668142","https://openalex.org/W2109579436","https://openalex.org/W2109683670","https://openalex.org/W2110740499","https://openalex.org/W2112178441","https://openalex.org/W2116843749","https://openalex.org/W2120564054","https://openalex.org/W2122281733","https://openalex.org/W2125657162","https://openalex.org/W2126053700","https://openalex.org/W2127295197","https://openalex.org/W2128735745","https://openalex.org/W2133420971","https://openalex.org/W2134698082","https://openalex.org/W2135017341","https://openalex.org/W2135088779","https://openalex.org/W2136342084","https://openalex.org/W2137435127","https://openalex.org/W2137664544","https://openalex.org/W2138719936","https://openalex.org/W2141762990","https://openalex.org/W2142229514","https://openalex.org/W2147587452","https://openalex.org/W2148106845","https://openalex.org/W2148815182","https://openalex.org/W2150248082","https://openalex.org/W2150307013","https://openalex.org/W2153156723","https://openalex.org/W2159657485","https://openalex.org/W2161721751","https://openalex.org/W2163598690","https://openalex.org/W2163674653","https://openalex.org/W2165210192","https://openalex.org/W2174056151","https://openalex.org/W2174507869","https://openalex.org/W2189383068","https://openalex.org/W2225180329","https://openalex.org/W2402681980","https://openalex.org/W2501720153","https://openalex.org/W2741659057","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W2944132414","https://openalex.org/W3003153370","https://openalex.org/W4210300416","https://openalex.org/W4214931895","https://openalex.org/W4242583885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W4383746662","https://openalex.org/W2969366455","https://openalex.org/W1555088513","https://openalex.org/W2610828280","https://openalex.org/W3129391636","https://openalex.org/W1779549899","https://openalex.org/W2057119605","https://openalex.org/W2182490965","https://openalex.org/W4362582226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"past":[1],"two":[2],"decades":[3],"have":[4,29,39,122],"seen":[5],"a":[6,37],"growing":[7],"interest":[8],"in":[9,32,99,147,158],"methods":[10],"for":[11,81,155],"anonymous":[12,85,148],"communication":[13,86,149],"on":[14,63,87,127],"the":[15,19,23,33,54,64,71,88,94,100,143,159],"Internet,":[16],"both":[17],"from":[18],"academic":[20],"community":[21],"and":[22,42,56,78,84,92,97,104,109,125,151],"general":[24],"public.":[25],"Several":[26],"system":[27],"designs":[28],"been":[30,40],"proposed":[31],"literature,":[34],"of":[35,129,142],"which":[36],"number":[38],"implemented":[41],"are":[43],"used":[44],"by":[45],"diverse":[46],"groups,":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"journalists,":[50],"human":[51],"rights":[52],"workers,":[53],"military,":[55],"ordinary":[57],"citizens,":[58],"to":[59,75],"protect":[60],"their":[61,135],"identities":[62],"Internet.":[65,89],"In":[66],"this":[67],"work,":[68],"we":[69,138],"survey":[70],"previous":[72],"research":[73,150],"done":[74],"design,":[76],"develop,":[77],"deploy":[79],"systems":[80],"enabling":[82],"private":[83],"We":[90,113],"identify":[91],"describe":[93],"major":[95,144],"concepts":[96],"technologies":[98],"field,":[101],"including":[102],"mixes":[103],"mix":[105],"networks,":[106],"onion":[107],"routing,":[108],"Dining":[110],"Cryptographers":[111],"networks.":[112],"will":[114,139],"also":[115],"review":[116],"powerful":[117],"traffic":[118],"analysis":[119],"attacks":[120],"that":[121],"motivated":[123],"improvements":[124],"variations":[126],"many":[128],"these":[130],"anonymity":[131],"protocols":[132],"made":[133],"since":[134],"introduction.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"summarize":[140],"some":[141],"open":[145],"problems":[146],"discuss":[152],"possible":[153],"directions":[154],"future":[156],"work":[157],"field.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}