{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102281241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1569901.1570026","title":"Tunneling between optima","display_name":"Tunneling between optima","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102281241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1569901.1570026","mag":"2102281241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1569901.1570026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1569901.1570026","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001932161","display_name":"Darrell Whitley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2752-6534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Darrell Whitley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032293451","display_name":"Doug Hains","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6413-1969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug Hains","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083550247","display_name":"Adele E. Howe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adele Howe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001932161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5356,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94474898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"915","last_page":"922"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.9219796061515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-optimum","display_name":"Local optimum","score":0.8668510913848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.6127085089683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.5621267557144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5456774830818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4760532081127167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","score":0.42015087604522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4178522527217865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35653746128082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.20132404565811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13997259736061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08061820268630981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.9219796061515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141934464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305386","display_name":"Local optimum","level":2,"score":0.8668510913848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.6127085089683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.5621267557144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5456774830818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4760532081127167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.42015087604522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4178522527217865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35653746128082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.20132404565811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13997259736061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08061820268630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1569901.1570026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1569901.1570026","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337525","display_name":"Air Force Materiel Command","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54221576","https://openalex.org/W99032621","https://openalex.org/W161573364","https://openalex.org/W187767610","https://openalex.org/W307896644","https://openalex.org/W1516301787","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2057672746","https://openalex.org/W2117396900","https://openalex.org/W2142130292","https://openalex.org/W2163528881","https://openalex.org/W2504494713","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2976664243","https://openalex.org/W3139666781","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W3152126650","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347477706","https://openalex.org/W4299389082","https://openalex.org/W1943663474","https://openalex.org/W2306830238","https://openalex.org/W2110294633","https://openalex.org/W1978349322","https://openalex.org/W2153505252","https://openalex.org/W2084107775","https://openalex.org/W2114549389","https://openalex.org/W2777171873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,57,109],"recombination":[2],"operator":[3,44,67,117],"is":[4,45,68,103,133,177],"introduced":[5],"for":[6],"the":[7,43,82,89,98,116,123,138,161,168],"Traveling":[8],"Salesman":[9],"Problem":[10],"called":[11],"partition":[12,27,131,164],"crossover.":[13],"Theoretical":[14],"and":[15,58,70,87],"empirical":[16,127],"results":[17,128],"indicate":[18,129],"that":[19,33,76,130,153],"when":[20,140,175],"two":[21,29,52,56,83,99,108,124],"local":[22,40,53,60,144,151],"optima":[23,54,61,152],"are":[24,31,34,85,91,154],"recombined":[25],"using":[26,93,118],"crossover,":[28],"offspring":[30,90],"produced":[32],"highly":[35],"likely":[36],"to":[37,55],"also":[38],"be":[39,113],"optima.":[41,145],"Thus,":[42],"capable":[46],"of":[47,137,150,160],"jumping":[48],"or":[49],"tunneling":[50],"from":[51,81,97,122,147],"distinct":[59],"without":[62],"searching":[63],"intermediate":[64],"solutions.":[65],"The":[66],"respectful":[69],"it":[71],"transmits":[72],"alleles":[73],"which":[74],"means":[75],"1)":[77],"all":[78],"common":[79],"edges":[80,95,120],"parents":[84],"inherited":[86,96,121],"2)":[88],"constructed":[92,114],"only":[94,119],"parents.":[100,125],"Partition":[101],"crossover":[102,132,165,176],"not":[104],"always":[105],"feasible:":[106],"sometimes":[107],"Hamiltonian":[110],"circuits":[111],"cannot":[112],"by":[115],"But":[126],"feasible":[134],"95":[135],"percent":[136],"time":[139],"recombining":[141],"randomly":[142],"selected":[143],"Furthermore,":[146],"a":[148,156,172],"sample":[149],"within":[155],"short":[157],"random":[158],"walk":[159],"global":[162,169],"optimum,":[163],"typically":[166],"relocates":[167],"optimum":[170],"in":[171],"single":[173],"move":[174],"feasible.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}