{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112167310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1568318.1568321","title":"The complexity of query containment in expressive fragments of XPath 2.0","display_name":"The complexity of query containment in expressive fragments of XPath 2.0","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112167310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1568318.1568321","mag":"2112167310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1568318.1568321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1568318.1568321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080220262","display_name":"Balder ten Cate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-5846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11559806","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx6zz33","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balder ten Cate","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA and ENS Cachan, Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA and ENS Cachan, Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034616829","display_name":"Carsten Lutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-6702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Lutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98165613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xpath","display_name":"XPath","score":0.9827337265014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-expression","display_name":"Path expression","score":0.714427649974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6974443197250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/succinctness","display_name":"Succinctness","score":0.6803535223007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitive-closure","display_name":"Transitive closure","score":0.6164039969444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"Satisfiability","score":0.5926937460899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5582653880119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5326245427131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5049739480018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/containment","display_name":"Containment (computer programming)","score":0.48490315675735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.4834917187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closure","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","score":0.41448289155960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3383670449256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.31108278036117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2650988698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2564486265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.2335103452205658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780213375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16340","display_name":"XPath","level":4,"score":0.9827337265014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61114434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144649","display_name":"Path expression","level":3,"score":0.714427649974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6974443197250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776493592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158717","display_name":"Succinctness","level":2,"score":0.6803535223007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128896722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501387","display_name":"Transitive closure","level":2,"score":0.6164039969444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.5926937460899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5582653880119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5326245427131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5049739480018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777019822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390066","display_name":"Containment (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.48490315675735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.4834917187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146834321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2979672","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41448289155960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3383670449256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.31108278036117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2650988698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2564486265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2335103452205658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55348073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595926","display_name":"XML validation","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1568318.1568321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1568318.1568321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3400611864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IST-2005-7603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334962","funder_display_name":"Sixth Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5435465050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"639.021.508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334962","display_name":"Sixth Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483164577","https://openalex.org/W1513019207","https://openalex.org/W1528125373","https://openalex.org/W1536883094","https://openalex.org/W1539025858","https://openalex.org/W1545328259","https://openalex.org/W1573061520","https://openalex.org/W1580127085","https://openalex.org/W1716100575","https://openalex.org/W1971729277","https://openalex.org/W1983524017","https://openalex.org/W1985578047","https://openalex.org/W1990483472","https://openalex.org/W2033176822","https://openalex.org/W2044028378","https://openalex.org/W2056258354","https://openalex.org/W2063039776","https://openalex.org/W2073491323","https://openalex.org/W2082135413","https://openalex.org/W2088004976","https://openalex.org/W2105748890","https://openalex.org/W2109486375","https://openalex.org/W2111789076","https://openalex.org/W2116099233","https://openalex.org/W2122225808","https://openalex.org/W2124876285","https://openalex.org/W2128710701","https://openalex.org/W2129414328","https://openalex.org/W2131159347","https://openalex.org/W2131207001","https://openalex.org/W2133278242","https://openalex.org/W2136834295","https://openalex.org/W2137257773","https://openalex.org/W2159701549","https://openalex.org/W2160442532","https://openalex.org/W2160918318","https://openalex.org/W2170477095","https://openalex.org/W2294034341","https://openalex.org/W2502103274","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2950144551","https://openalex.org/W3104723580","https://openalex.org/W3121437753","https://openalex.org/W4241108585","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294034341","https://openalex.org/W2041536784","https://openalex.org/W1486715727","https://openalex.org/W2112167310","https://openalex.org/W2151886642","https://openalex.org/W2189552417","https://openalex.org/W2055547270","https://openalex.org/W3035344570","https://openalex.org/W2044007894","https://openalex.org/W2583244020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"XPath":[0,53,67,78],"is":[1,42],"a":[2,13,171],"prominent":[3],"W3C":[4],"standard":[5],"for":[6,31],"navigating":[7],"XML":[8],"documents":[9],"that":[10,71,166],"has":[11,27,145],"stimulated":[12],"lot":[14],"of":[15,33,37,61,66,74,93,100,157,195,205],"research":[16],"into":[17],"query":[18,25,45,101],"answering":[19],"and":[20,87,105,120,164,182],"static":[21],"analysis.":[22],"In":[23,55,136],"particular,":[24],"containment":[26,46],"been":[28],"studied":[29],"extensively":[30],"fragments":[32],"the":[34,50,63,98,150,155,159,176,200],"1.0":[35],"version":[36],"this":[38,56,167],"standard,":[39],"whereas":[40],"little":[41],"known":[43],"about":[44],"in":[47,173,184,193,203],"(fragments":[48],"of)":[49],"richer":[51],"language":[52],"2.0.":[54],"article,":[57],"we":[58,96,178],"consider":[59],"extensions":[60,116,123,130],"CoreXPath,":[62],"navigational":[64],"core":[65],"1.0,":[68],"with":[69,104,117,124,131],"operators":[70],"are":[72],"part":[73],"or":[75,134],"inspired":[76],"by":[77],"2.0:":[79],"path":[80,82,84,118,125,132],"intersection,":[81],"equality,":[83],"complementation,":[85],"for-loops,":[86],"transitive":[88,141],"closure.":[89],"For":[90],"each":[91],"combination":[92],"these":[94],"operators,":[95],"determine":[97],"complexity":[99,187],"containment,":[102],"both":[103],"without":[106],"DTDs.":[107],"It":[108],"turns":[109],"out":[110],"to":[111,127,170],"range":[112],"from":[113],"ExpTime":[114],"(for":[115,122,129],"equality)":[119],"2-ExpTime":[121],"intersection)":[126],"non-elementary":[128],"complementation":[133],"for-loops).":[135],"almost":[137],"all":[138],"cases,":[139],"adding":[140],"closure":[142],"on":[143,149],"top":[144],"no":[146],"further":[147],"impact":[148],"complexity.":[151,174],"We":[152,197],"also":[153,198],"investigate":[154],"effect":[156],"dropping":[158],"upward":[160],"and/or":[161],"sibling":[162],"axes,":[163],"show":[165],"sometimes":[168],"leads":[169],"reduction":[172],"Since":[175],"languages":[177,202],"study":[179],"include":[180],"negation":[181],"conjunction":[183],"filters,":[185],"our":[186],"results":[188],"can":[189],"equivalently":[190],"be":[191],"stated":[192],"terms":[194,204],"satisfiability.":[196],"analyze":[199],"above":[201],"succinctness.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
