{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058631137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1568234.1568273","title":"Using critical questions to disambiguate and formalize statutory provisions","display_name":"Using critical questions to disambiguate and formalize statutory provisions","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058631137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1568234.1568273","mag":"2058631137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1568234.1568273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1568234.1568273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003638231","display_name":"Matthias Grabmair","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Grabmair","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101664770","display_name":"Kevin D. Ashley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-0759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin D. Ashley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003638231"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09618197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"240","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9571999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9571999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14013","display_name":"Legal Language and Interpretation","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14012","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Studies","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statutory-law","display_name":"Statutory law","score":0.7840039730072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6467249989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5846197605133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5804351568222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3371969163417816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3166932165622711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.25698602199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22233107686042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17855170369148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09321430325508118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.7840039730072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6467249989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5846197605133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5804351568222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3371969163417816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3166932165622711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25698602199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22233107686042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17855170369148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09321430325508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1568234.1568273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1568234.1568273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W827215431","https://openalex.org/W1496349726","https://openalex.org/W1499498573","https://openalex.org/W1501494186","https://openalex.org/W2041151587","https://openalex.org/W2064910157","https://openalex.org/W6629804733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1574402321","https://openalex.org/W2018171781","https://openalex.org/W2356712912","https://openalex.org/W2504179941","https://openalex.org/W1974144258","https://openalex.org/W1862678554","https://openalex.org/W3159626135","https://openalex.org/W4386326981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"outlines":[2],"a":[3,21],"process":[4],"model":[5],"for":[6],"disambiguating":[7],"legal":[8,32],"provisions":[9],"in":[10],"order":[11],"to":[12],"ease":[13],"their":[14],"formalization":[15],"into":[16],"logic.":[17],"It":[18],"centers":[19],"around":[20],"reformulation":[22],"of":[23],"the":[24],"provision":[25],"driven":[26],"by":[27],"critical":[28],"questioning":[29],"and":[30],"mandatory":[31],"justifications.":[33]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}