{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029362290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1562877.1562944","title":"Blackjack-playing agents in an advanced AI course","display_name":"Blackjack-playing agents in an advanced AI course","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029362290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1562877.1562944","mag":"2029362290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1562877.1562944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1562877.1562944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110210240","display_name":"Jeffrey L. Popyack","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey L. Popyack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110210240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76263104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"208","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6867400407791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5787692666053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament","display_name":"Tournament","score":0.5523788928985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5405356884002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5364746451377869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5177901983261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course","display_name":"Course (navigation)","score":0.4694245457649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4481543302536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4365427494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.43440014123916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41593271493911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.26885783672332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20186716318130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1647041141986847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1489686369895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.06661993265151978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6867400407791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5787692666053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136975688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320634","display_name":"Tournament","level":2,"score":0.5523788928985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5405356884002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5364746451377869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5177901983261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.4694245457649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4481543302536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4365427494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.43440014123916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41593271493911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26885783672332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20186716318130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1647041141986847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1489686369895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.06661993265151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1562877.1562944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1562877.1562944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087315852","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2135392849","https://openalex.org/W2165502261","https://openalex.org/W2315147822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123786980","https://openalex.org/W4287997709","https://openalex.org/W2379651310","https://openalex.org/W2113019827","https://openalex.org/W1541249122","https://openalex.org/W2413828414","https://openalex.org/W2367222340","https://openalex.org/W187740018","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blackjack":[0,29,91],"is":[1,30],"a":[2,11,17,34,41,52,61,82,90],"multi-player":[3],"card":[4],"game":[5,19],"in":[6,71,89,93],"which":[7,72,94],"each":[8,39],"player":[9,42],"makes":[10],"sequence":[12,62],"of":[13,36,63],"decisions":[14,47],"based":[15],"on":[16],"partially-observed":[18],"state":[20],"that":[21],"evolves":[22],"under":[23],"uncertainty.":[24],"In":[25],"its":[26],"casino":[27],"variant,":[28],"typically":[31],"played":[32],"as":[33,81],"set":[35],"separate":[37],"contests,":[38],"involving":[40],"and":[43,59],"the":[44],"dealer,":[45],"whose":[46],"are":[48],"determined":[49,100],"according":[50],"to":[51],"published,":[53],"fixed":[54],"policy.":[55],"We":[56],"have":[57,99],"developed":[58],"used":[60],"assignments":[64],"for":[65,78],"an":[66,75],"advanced":[67],"artificial":[68],"intelligence":[69],"course":[70,87],"students":[73,98],"determine":[74],"optimal":[76],"strategy":[77],"Blackjack,":[79],"modeled":[80],"Markov":[83],"Decision":[84],"Process.":[85],"The":[86],"culminates":[88],"tournament":[92],"agents":[95],"employ":[96],"policies":[97],"through":[101],"their":[102],"analyses.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}