{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2296037403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1562814.1562825","title":"Contractual traps","display_name":"Contractual traps","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2296037403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1562814.1562825","mag":"2296037403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1562814.1562825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1562814.1562825","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101811263","display_name":"Ying\u2010Ju Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Ju Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007857290","display_name":"Xiaojian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8821-9602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101811263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8321,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79578372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"51","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.9411017298698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.6608436703681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.564773678779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5508700013160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-theory","display_name":"Contract theory","score":0.4751962423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4348069727420807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3805689513683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.3406543731689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2308470904827118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.22014561295509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16120955348014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08502432703971863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.9411017298698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.6608436703681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.564773678779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5508700013160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79301358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1918846","display_name":"Contract theory","level":2,"score":0.4751962423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4348069727420807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3805689513683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3406543731689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2308470904827118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22014561295509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16120955348014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08502432703971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1562814.1562825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1562814.1562825","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.421.7996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.421.7996","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ieor.berkeley.edu/~chen/paper/traps091108_WorkingPaper.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979650610","https://openalex.org/W1989426170","https://openalex.org/W2025045042","https://openalex.org/W2043338986","https://openalex.org/W2235483235","https://openalex.org/W3123692828","https://openalex.org/W4235275686","https://openalex.org/W4237953906","https://openalex.org/W4243975304"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2317823609","https://openalex.org/W4241263575","https://openalex.org/W3130462184","https://openalex.org/W2902287117","https://openalex.org/W4318256508","https://openalex.org/W2401463593","https://openalex.org/W2349808627","https://openalex.org/W4383558041","https://openalex.org/W1980474749","https://openalex.org/W2619197611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,105],"numerous":[1],"economic":[2],"scenarios,":[3],"contracting":[4,28,36,83],"parties":[5,29,62],"may":[6,38,85],"not":[7],"have":[8],"a":[9,82,110],"clear":[10],"picture":[11],"of":[12,26,41,75,141],"all":[13,93],"the":[14,23,27,57,68,78,102,129,135,142],"relevant":[15],"aspects.":[16],"While":[17],"confronted":[18],"with":[19,118],"these":[20,115],"unawareness":[21],"issues,":[22],"strategic":[24,116],"decisions":[25],"critically":[30],"depend":[31],"on":[32,71],"their":[33],"sophistication.":[34,145],"A":[35],"party":[37,84],"be":[39,99],"unaware":[40,143],"what":[42],"she":[43,49],"is":[44],"entitled":[45],"to":[46,66,96,98,113],"determine.":[47],"Therefore,":[48],"can":[50],"only":[51],"infer":[52],"some":[53],"missing":[54],"pieces":[55],"via":[56],"contract":[58,69,79,150],"offered":[59],"by":[60],"other":[61],"and":[63,89,121,133,154],"determine":[64],"whether":[65],"accept":[67],"based":[70],"her":[72],"own":[73],"evaluation":[74],"how":[76],"reasonable":[77],"is.":[80],"Further,":[81],"actively":[86],"gather":[87],"information":[88],"collect":[90],"evidence":[91],"about":[92],"possible":[94,152],"contingencies":[95],"avoid":[97],"trapped":[100],"into":[101],"contractual":[103],"agreement.":[104],"this":[106],"paper,":[107],"we":[108],"propose":[109],"general":[111],"framework":[112,127],"investigate":[114],"interactions":[117],"unawareness,":[119],"reasoning,":[120],"cognition.":[122],"We":[123],"build":[124],"our":[125],"conceptual":[126],"upon":[128],"classical":[130],"principal-agent":[131],"relationship":[132],"compare":[134],"equilibrium":[136],"behaviors":[137],"under":[138],"various":[139],"degrees":[140],"agent's":[144],"Several":[146],"implications":[147],"regarding":[148],"optimal":[149],"design,":[151],"exploitation,":[153],"cognitive":[155],"thinking":[156],"are":[157],"also":[158],"presented.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
