{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054134081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1553374.1553483","title":"Sparse higher order conditional random fields for improved sequence labeling","display_name":"Sparse higher order conditional random fields for improved sequence labeling","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054134081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1553374.1553483","mag":"2054134081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1553374.1553483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1553374.1553483","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056672831","display_name":"Xian Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1460-1926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xian Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China","[Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055458864","display_name":"Xiaoqian Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-2205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqian Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360407","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-4942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China","[Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088834359","display_name":"Xuanjing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9197-9426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanjing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China","[Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102516427","display_name":"Lide Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lide Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China","[Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056672831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90903273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"849","last_page":"856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.9493573307991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.9338391423225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.8756955862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7968004941940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.596187949180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5860597491264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5841090083122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5601661801338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.512108564376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46433910727500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33603671193122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3250366449356079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.9493573307991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.9338391423225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.8756955862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7968004941940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.596187949180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5860597491264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5841090083122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5601661801338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.512108564376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46433910727500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33603671193122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3250366449356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1553374.1553483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1553374.1553483","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4098552186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8511500302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8625307265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"60673038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8708529866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2.01E+11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335766","display_name":"Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544080476","https://openalex.org/W2008652694","https://openalex.org/W2105644991","https://openalex.org/W2141732516","https://openalex.org/W2144087279","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2158188757","https://openalex.org/W2398073356","https://openalex.org/W2407349924","https://openalex.org/W3088186095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962906565","https://openalex.org/W2798423868","https://openalex.org/W3015678144","https://openalex.org/W2076440176","https://openalex.org/W2061027419","https://openalex.org/W2140585957","https://openalex.org/W1675450783","https://openalex.org/W189110383","https://openalex.org/W2404235285","https://openalex.org/W2054134081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"real":[1],"sequence":[2],"labeling":[3],"tasks,":[4],"statistics":[5],"of":[6,22,94],"many":[7],"higher":[8,44,114],"order":[9,45,115],"features":[10,41,46],"are":[11,24,36,88],"not":[12,85],"sufficient":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,38],"the":[16,76,82,95,112],"training":[17],"data":[18],"sparseness,":[19],"very":[20],"few":[21],"them":[23],"useful.":[25],"We":[26],"describe":[27],"Sparse":[28],"Higher":[29],"Order":[30],"Conditional":[31],"Random":[32],"Fields":[33],"(SHO-CRFs),":[34],"which":[35],"able":[37],"handle":[39],"local":[40],"and":[42,61,71,79,104],"sparse":[43],"together":[47],"using":[48],"a":[49],"novel":[50],"tractable":[51],"exact":[52],"inference":[53,72],"algorithm.":[54],"Our":[55],"main":[56],"insight":[57],"is":[58,73,84],"that":[59,110],"states":[60,78],"transitions":[62],"with":[63,111],"same":[64,113],"potential":[65],"functions":[66],"can":[67],"be":[68],"grouped":[69,77],"together,":[70],"performed":[74],"on":[75,100],"transitions.":[80],"Though":[81],"complexity":[83],"polynomial,":[86],"SHO-CRFs":[87,118],"still":[89],"efficient":[90],"in":[91],"practice":[92],"because":[93],"feature":[96,116],"sparseness.":[97],"Experimental":[98],"results":[99],"optical":[101],"character":[102],"recognition":[103,108],"Chinese":[105],"organization":[106],"name":[107],"show":[109],"set,":[117],"significantly":[119],"outperform":[120],"previous":[121],"approaches.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
