{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088668797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1543834.1543915","title":"Why evolution is not a good paradigm for program induction","display_name":"Why evolution is not a good paradigm for program induction","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088668797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1543834.1543915","mag":"2088668797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1543834.1543915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1543834.1543915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first ACM/SIGEVO Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069851877","display_name":"John R. Woodward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2093-8990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R. Woodward","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046750599","display_name":"Ruibin Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-568X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruibin Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"593","last_page":"600"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7478623986244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.7282150387763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.5745222568511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.5237084031105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-representation","display_name":"Genetic representation","score":0.5083972811698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4817083477973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4592123031616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.45717552304267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4422723054885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inheritance","display_name":"Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4173104465007782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing","display_name":"Turing","score":0.41148680448532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.32844024896621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27186328172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.16722196340560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.12166106700897217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7478623986244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.7282150387763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.5745222568511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.5237084031105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6135463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532920","display_name":"Genetic representation","level":3,"score":0.5083972811698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4817083477973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4592123031616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.45717552304267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4422723054885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780902518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6033780","display_name":"Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","level":3,"score":0.4173104465007782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.41148680448532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32844024896621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27186328172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.16722196340560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.12166106700897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1543834.1543915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1543834.1543915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first ACM/SIGEVO Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173700453","https://openalex.org/W179648542","https://openalex.org/W565512422","https://openalex.org/W1482827835","https://openalex.org/W1486056878","https://openalex.org/W1496069192","https://openalex.org/W1508079160","https://openalex.org/W1538132168","https://openalex.org/W1557733817","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1586689888","https://openalex.org/W1589720045","https://openalex.org/W1600975171","https://openalex.org/W1603940370","https://openalex.org/W1900357389","https://openalex.org/W2024518162","https://openalex.org/W2028374313","https://openalex.org/W2068095283","https://openalex.org/W2100604298","https://openalex.org/W2127197749","https://openalex.org/W2149240697","https://openalex.org/W2151710526","https://openalex.org/W2166684901","https://openalex.org/W2769416443","https://openalex.org/W2985202086","https://openalex.org/W4240021321","https://openalex.org/W4296558785","https://openalex.org/W4301969137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082776239","https://openalex.org/W2142324575","https://openalex.org/W2123029667","https://openalex.org/W2051028534","https://openalex.org/W2046401452","https://openalex.org/W1501730763","https://openalex.org/W1772786136","https://openalex.org/W3128775364","https://openalex.org/W1963986408","https://openalex.org/W2164305954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,90],"revisit":[1],"the":[2,13,16,29,48,74,94,108,119,138,180],"roots":[3],"of":[4,15,18,37,78,96,107,121,140,172,174,179],"Genetic":[5],"Programming":[6],"(i.e.":[7,20,100],"Natural":[8],"Evolution),":[9],"and":[10,23,39,61,104,133],"conclude":[11],"that":[12,183,193],"mechanisms":[14,109],"process":[17,139],"evolution":[19,95,112],"selection,":[21],"inheritance":[22],"variation)":[24],"are":[25,58,91,116],"highly":[26,67],"suited":[27,136],"to":[28,45,64,85,137,169,197],"process;":[30],"genetic":[31,131,156],"code":[32,125],"is":[33,41,52,82,126],"an":[34,42],"effective":[35,43,68],"transmitter":[36],"information":[38],"crossover":[40],"way":[44],"search":[46],"through":[47],"viable":[49],"combinations.":[50],"Evolution":[51],"not":[53,127],"without":[54],"its":[55],"limitations,":[56],"which":[57,110,147],"pointed":[59],"out,":[60],"it":[62,81],"appears":[63],"be":[65,149,201],"a":[66,144,164,170,194],"problem":[69,75],"solver;":[70],"however":[71],"we":[72],"over-estimate":[73],"solving":[76],"ability":[77],"evolution,":[79,141],"as":[80,128,130],"often":[83],"trying":[84],"solve":[86],"\"self-imposed\"":[87],"survival":[88],"problems.":[89],"concerned":[92],"with":[93,102,152],"Turing":[97],"Equivalent":[98],"programs":[99,185],"those":[101],"iteration":[103],"memory).":[105],"Each":[106],"make":[111],"work":[113],"so":[114],"well":[115],"examined":[117],"from":[118],"perspective":[120],"program":[122],"induction.":[123],"Computer":[124],"robust":[129],"code,":[132],"therefore":[134],"poorly":[135],"resulting":[142],"in":[143,163],"insurmountable":[145],"landscape":[146],"cannot":[148],"navigated":[150],"effectively":[151],"current":[153],"syntax":[154],"based":[155],"operators.":[157],"Crossover,":[158],"has":[159],"problems":[160],"being":[161],"adopted":[162],"computational":[165],"setting,":[166],"primarily":[167],"due":[168],"lack":[171],"context":[173],"exchanged":[175],"code.":[176],"A":[177],"review":[178],"literature":[181],"reveals":[182],"evolved":[184],"contain":[186],"at":[187],"most":[188],"two":[189],"nested":[190],"loops,":[191],"indicating":[192],"glass":[195],"ceiling":[196],"what":[198],"can":[199],"currently":[200],"accomplished.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
