{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998344999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1541895.1541901","title":"Can local avatars satisfy a global audience? A case study of high-fidelity 3D facial avatar animation in subject identification and emotion perception by US and international groups","display_name":"Can local avatars satisfy a global audience? A case study of high-fidelity 3D facial avatar animation in subject identification and emotion perception by US and international groups","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998344999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1541895.1541901","mag":"1998344999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1541895.1541901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1541895.1541901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131145815","display_name":"Computers in entertainment","issn_l":"1544-3574","issn":["1544-3574","1544-3981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Entertainment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112222692","display_name":"Chang Yun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107984555","display_name":"Zhigang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-5865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113696981","display_name":"Merrill Hiscock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merrill Hiscock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5716,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66036799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.8248276710510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.7027344703674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6195099353790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5563501119613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-perception","display_name":"Emotion perception","score":0.5374117493629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5126780271530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.4906074106693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.4601815938949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.4462048411369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","score":0.4400046467781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.42923498153686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.42188626527786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.347084641456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32694703340530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32444649934768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.2598339021205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17586389183998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.16597318649291992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.8248276710510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7027344703674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6195099353790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5563501119613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000087","display_name":"Emotion perception","level":3,"score":0.5374117493629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5126780271530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.4906074106693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4601815938949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4462048411369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.4400046467781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42923498153686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.42188626527786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.347084641456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32694703340530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32444649934768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2598339021205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17586389183998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.16597318649291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1541895.1541901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1541895.1541901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131145815","display_name":"Computers in entertainment","issn_l":"1544-3574","issn":["1544-3574","1544-3981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Entertainment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.157.5701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.157.5701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://graphics.cs.uh.edu/publication/pub/2009_CIE_globalAvatarPerception.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.211.2722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.211.2722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uh.edu/docs/cosc/technical-reports/2009/09_05.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39780353","https://openalex.org/W58890881","https://openalex.org/W60035447","https://openalex.org/W216945601","https://openalex.org/W1486414894","https://openalex.org/W1503223308","https://openalex.org/W1522833188","https://openalex.org/W1523641568","https://openalex.org/W1861836168","https://openalex.org/W1966279822","https://openalex.org/W1972138918","https://openalex.org/W1973919178","https://openalex.org/W1988023718","https://openalex.org/W1990400430","https://openalex.org/W1994884977","https://openalex.org/W1997683930","https://openalex.org/W2001495374","https://openalex.org/W2003238582","https://openalex.org/W2013806171","https://openalex.org/W2016351257","https://openalex.org/W2016377054","https://openalex.org/W2019312772","https://openalex.org/W2022068631","https://openalex.org/W2024817162","https://openalex.org/W2065943221","https://openalex.org/W2075500062","https://openalex.org/W2095654182","https://openalex.org/W2101152687","https://openalex.org/W2101893258","https://openalex.org/W2106115846","https://openalex.org/W2108387789","https://openalex.org/W2116020496","https://openalex.org/W2118999532","https://openalex.org/W2121965518","https://openalex.org/W2123795719","https://openalex.org/W2124052984","https://openalex.org/W2127870805","https://openalex.org/W2130552796","https://openalex.org/W2134508353","https://openalex.org/W2138308087","https://openalex.org/W2143350951","https://openalex.org/W2147332467","https://openalex.org/W2151189549","https://openalex.org/W2152099471","https://openalex.org/W2157282896","https://openalex.org/W2165705569","https://openalex.org/W2168013334","https://openalex.org/W2169294293","https://openalex.org/W2181949875","https://openalex.org/W2307517356","https://openalex.org/W2403444668","https://openalex.org/W2604846069","https://openalex.org/W2911967907","https://openalex.org/W4236533540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3138471234","https://openalex.org/W1872262506","https://openalex.org/W1972458871","https://openalex.org/W2012118940","https://openalex.org/W4311608307","https://openalex.org/W2044785008","https://openalex.org/W1991697485","https://openalex.org/W2065364824","https://openalex.org/W4387213877","https://openalex.org/W3197867703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,213],"investigates":[2],"effectiveness":[3],"of":[4,43,70,91,139,150,199,211,226,232,241,255],"a":[5,12,59,115,227,268],"local":[6],"high-fidelity":[7,33,67],"3D":[8,34,51,60],"facial":[9,35,57,62,97,143],"avatar":[10,36,283],"for":[11],"global":[13],"audience":[14],"by":[15],"observing":[16],"how":[17],"US":[18,45,73,107,165],"and":[19,27,108,128,136,153,193,275,288],"International":[20],"student":[21],"groups":[22,183,204,265],"differed":[23],"in":[24,86,111,147,158,171,178,189,258,272,303,311],"identifying":[25,304],"subjects":[26,74,93,141],"perceiving":[28,312],"emotions":[29],"while":[30,234],"viewing":[31],"nonverbal":[32],"animations":[37,85],"embedded":[38],"with":[39,66,81,88,285],"the":[40,49,92,96,120,133,140,148,151,164,175,190,197,202,221,230,239,253,282,296,305],"motion":[41],"data":[42,69],"three":[44,71],"individuals.":[46],"To":[47],"synthesize":[48],"animated":[50],"avatars":[52,125],"to":[53,104,131,154,301,309],"convey":[54],"highly":[55],"believable":[56],"expressions,":[58],"scanned":[61],"model":[63],"was":[64,184],"mapped":[65],"motion-capture":[68,98],"native":[72,106],"as":[75],"they":[76,279],"spoke":[77],"designated":[78],"English":[79],"sentences":[80],"specified":[82],"emotions.":[83],"Simple":[84],"conjunction":[87],"actual":[89],"footage":[90],"speaking":[94],"during":[95],"sessions":[99],"were":[100,145,205,280,299],"shown":[101,281],"several":[102],"times":[103],"both":[105,264],"international":[109],"students":[110,121],"similar":[112],"settings.":[113],"After":[114],"familiarization":[116],"process,":[117],"we":[118,244,293],"showed":[119],"randomly":[122],"arranged":[123],"talking":[124],"without":[126],"voices":[127],"asked":[129],"them":[130],"identify":[132],"corresponding":[134],"identities":[135],"emotional":[137],"types":[138],"whose":[142],"expressions":[144],"utilized":[146],"creation":[149],"avatars,":[152],"rate":[155],"their":[156,159],"confidence":[157,179,194,297],"selections.":[160],"We":[161,261],"found":[162],"that":[163,246,263,295],"group":[166],"had":[167],"higher":[168],"success":[169,191],"rates":[170,192],"subject":[172,259,273,306],"identification,":[173],"although":[174],"related":[176],"difference":[177],"ratings":[180,195,298],"between":[181,201],"two":[182,203],"not":[185,206,308],"significant.":[186],"The":[187,209],"differences":[188],"on":[196,238],"perception":[198,231,240,277],"emotion":[200,276],"significant":[207],"either.":[208],"results":[210],"our":[212],"provide":[214],"interesting":[215],"insights":[216],"into":[217],"avatar-based":[218],"interaction":[219],"where":[220],"national":[222],"and/or":[223],"cultural":[224,256],"background":[225],"person":[228],"impacts":[229],"identity":[233],"having":[235],"little":[236],"effect":[237],"emotion.":[242,313],"However,":[243],"observed":[245,262,294],"dynamics":[247],"(e.g.,":[248],"head":[249],"motion)":[250],"could":[251],"offset":[252],"disadvantage":[254],"unfamiliarity":[257],"identification.":[260],"performed":[266],"at":[267],"nearly":[269],"identical":[270],"level":[271],"identification":[274],"when":[278],"animation":[284],"heightened":[286],"expression":[287],"dynamic":[289],"intensities.":[290],"In":[291],"addition,":[292],"correlated":[300],"accuracy":[302,310],"but":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}