{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132429838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1533057.1533063","title":"Automating analysis of large-scale botnet probing events","display_name":"Automating analysis of large-scale botnet probing events","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132429838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1533057.1533063","mag":"2132429838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1533057.1533063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1533057.1533063","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Information, Computer, and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091296600","display_name":"Zhichun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-0904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035475219","display_name":"Anup Goyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anup Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378166","display_name":"Yan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-1498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002219113","display_name":"Vern Paxson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2673-543X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vern Paxson","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley & ICSI, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley & ICSI, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9822423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.9745166897773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6943886876106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5551283359527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honeypot","display_name":"Honeypot","score":0.5026397705078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.4884156584739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4290162920951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2123458981513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.14792081713676453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13220110535621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.12484514713287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08455857634544373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.9745166897773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6943886876106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5551283359527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191267431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911932","display_name":"Honeypot","level":2,"score":0.5026397705078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.4884156584739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4290162920951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2123458981513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.14792081713676453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13220110535621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.12484514713287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08455857634544373}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1533057.1533063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1533057.1533063","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Information, Computer, and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.144.9105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.144.9105","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.icir.org/vern/papers/probing-analy.ccs09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.219.6617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.219.6617","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~ychen/Papers/asiaccs09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5299999713897705},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2674885215","display_name":"HPNAIDM: THE HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORK ANOMALY/INTRUSION DETECTION AND MITIGATION SYSTEM","funder_award_id":"FG02-05ER25692","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4647625506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-07-1-0074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4710165240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-0433702CNS-0627320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8142907008","display_name":"Collaborative Proposal Cybertrust:  Center for Internet Epidemiology and Defenses","funder_award_id":"0433702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338292","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191098608","https://openalex.org/W202500387","https://openalex.org/W1498585374","https://openalex.org/W1514368868","https://openalex.org/W1516506771","https://openalex.org/W1529945719","https://openalex.org/W1583098994","https://openalex.org/W1989121667","https://openalex.org/W1994340575","https://openalex.org/W2031006315","https://openalex.org/W2087321129","https://openalex.org/W2102671922","https://openalex.org/W2113344319","https://openalex.org/W2114092087","https://openalex.org/W2120176508","https://openalex.org/W2124379907","https://openalex.org/W2152969395","https://openalex.org/W2158060559","https://openalex.org/W2160581357","https://openalex.org/W2168883902","https://openalex.org/W2323834113","https://openalex.org/W4205548518","https://openalex.org/W4233802931","https://openalex.org/W4247862837","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979305135","https://openalex.org/W2171770082","https://openalex.org/W1675560586","https://openalex.org/W2329186972","https://openalex.org/W2186252465","https://openalex.org/W2980038013","https://openalex.org/W188502973","https://openalex.org/W2389528884","https://openalex.org/W1542656816","https://openalex.org/W3040428556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Botnets":[0],"dominate":[1],"today's":[2],"attack":[3,83],"landscape.":[4],"In":[5,28],"this":[6,81],"work":[7],"we":[8],"investigate":[9],"ways":[10],"to":[11,20,55],"analyze":[12],"collections":[13],"of":[14,24,34,49,98],"malicious":[15],"probing":[16,71,78],"traffic":[17],"in":[18,46],"order":[19],"understand":[21],"the":[22,39,70,77,87,91],"significance":[23],"large-scale":[25],"\"botnet":[26],"probes\".":[27],"such":[29,62],"events,":[30],"an":[31,82],"entire":[32],"collection":[33],"remote":[35],"hosts":[36],"together":[37],"probes":[38,63],"address":[40],"space":[41],"monitored":[42],"by":[43,58],"a":[44,99],"sensor":[45],"some":[47],"sort":[48],"coordinated":[50],"fashion.":[51],"Our":[52],"goal":[53],"is":[54,90],"develop":[56],"methodologies":[57],"which":[59],"sites":[60],"receiving":[61],"can":[64],"infer---using":[65],"purely":[66],"local":[67],"observation---information":[68],"about":[69],"activity:":[72],"What":[73],"scanning":[74],"strategies":[75],"does":[76],"employ?":[79],"Is":[80],"that":[84],"specifically":[85],"targets":[86],"site,":[88],"or":[89],"site":[92],"only":[93],"incidentally":[94],"probed":[95],"as":[96],"part":[97],"larger,":[100],"indiscriminant":[101],"attack?":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}